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When two liquid drops touch, a microscopic connecting liquid bridge forms and rapidly grows as the two drops merge into one. Whereas coalescence has been thoroughly studied when drops coalesce in vacuum or air, many important situations…

Coalescence may not occur immediately when droplets impact a liquid film. Despite the prevalence of the high-temperature condition during the impact process in many applications, the effect of droplet temperature on droplet coalescence is…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-04-24 Zhigang Xu , Haicheng Qi , Tianyou Wang , Zhizhao Che

When two sessile drops of the same liquid touch, they merge into one drop, driven by capillarity. However, the coalescence can be delayed, or even completely stalled for a substantial period of time, when the two drops have different…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-08-08 Myrthe A. Bruning , Maxime Costalonga , Stefan Karpitschka , Jacco H. Snoeijer

When a droplet is gently laid onto the surface of the same liquid, it stays at rest for a moment before coalescence. The coalescence can be delayed and sometimes inhibited by injecting fresh air under the droplet. This can happen when the…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Terwagne , S. Dorbolo , N. Vandewalle

An electrical method is used to study the early stages of coalescence of two low-viscosity drops. A drop of aqueous NaCl solution is suspended in air above a second drop of the same solution which is grown until the drops touch. At that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 Sarah C. Case

Droplet coalescence is ubiquitous in nature and the same time key to various technologies, such as inkjet printing. Here, we report on the coalescence of polymer droplets with different chain lengths coalescing on substrates of different…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-09-21 Soheil Arbabi , Panagiotis E. Theodorakis

When two drops of radius $R$ touch, surface tension drives an initially singular motion which joins them into a bigger drop with smaller surface area. This motion is always viscously dominated at early times. We focus on the early-time…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2017-05-17 Jens Eggers , John R. Lister , Howard A. Stone

We numerically study the coalescence dynamics of two sessile droplets with radii $R_0$. The droplets are placed on top of a rigid substrate with a contact angle of $\theta_{eq.} = \pi/9$. Having a highly wettable substrate ($\theta_{eq} \ll…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-08-22 Stefan Zitz , Tilman Richter , Konstantinos Missios , Johan Roenby

The coalescence of droplets plays a crucial role in nature and modern technology. Various experimental and theoretical studies explored droplet dynamics in 3D and on 2D solid or liquid substrates. In this paper, we demonstrate the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-01-05 Christoph Klopp , Alexey Eremin

The coalescence of liquid drops has conventionally been thought to have just two regimes when the drops are brought together slowly in vacuum or air: a viscous regime corresponding to the Stokes-flow limit and a later inertially-dominated…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-01-10 Joseph D. Paulsen

Here, we study the coalescence of two droplets that are moving in the same direction on a soft surface; the motion of the droplets is caused by a gradient in the surface stiffness. As reference, stationary coalescence of the same droplets…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-05-19 Divyansh Tripathi , Vimal Kishore , Panagiotis E. Theodorakis , Swarn Lata Singh

Hypothesis: Droplet coalescence process is important in many applications and has been studied extensively when two droplets are surrounded by gas. However, the coalescence dynamics would be different when the two droplets are surrounded by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-12-27 Huadan Xu , Tianyou Wang , Zhizhao Che

We present an experimental and theoretical description of the kinetics of coalescence of two water drops on a plane solid surface. The case of partial wetting is considered. The drops are in an atmosphere of nitrogen saturated with water…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2016-01-27 Vadim Nikolayev , Daniel Beysens , Yves Pomeau , Claire Andrieu

The expected universal dynamics associated with the initial stage of droplet coalescence are difficult to study visually due to the rapid motion of the liquid and the awkward viewing geometry. Here we employ an electrical method to study…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 Sarah C. Case , Sidney R. Nagel

The coalescence of two resting liquid droplets in a saturated vapor phase is investigated by Lattice Boltzmann simulations in two and three dimensions. We find that, in the viscous regime, the bridge radius obeys a t^{1/2}-scaling law in…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2013-05-16 M. Gross , D. Raabe , I. Steinbach , F. Varnik

Coalescence of droplets is an ubiquitous phenomenon in chemical, physical and biolog-ical systems. The process of merging of liquid objects has been studied during the pastyears experimentally and theoretically in different geometries. We…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-02-13 Christoph Klopp , Torsten Trittel , Ralf Stannarius

Drop coalescence is central to diverse processes involving dispersions of drops in industrial, engineering and scientific realms. During coalescence, two drops first touch and then merge as the liquid neck connecting them grows from…

Intuitively, droplets in proximity merge when brought into contact. However, under certain conditions, they may not coalesce due to the entrapment of an interstitial gas film. Non-coalescence between water droplets has so far been observed…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-07-18 Gopal Chandra Pal , Cheuk Wing Edmond Lam , Chander Shekhar Sharma

Drop coalescence occurs through the rapid growth of a liquid bridge that connects the two drops. At early times after contact, the bridge dynamics is typically self-similar, with details depending on the geometry and viscosity of the…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2023-06-22 Walter Tewes , Michiel A. Hack , Charu Datt , Gunnar G. Peng , Jacco H. Snoeijer

This study investigated the coalescence of polymer solution drops on the solid substrates. When two drops meet at their contact line on a substrate, the liquid bridge connecting the two drops increases in size with time. The height and…

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