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Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have shown superior performance on various downstream Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. However, conventional pre-training objectives do not explicitly model relational facts in text, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Ryuichi Takanobu , Zhiyuan Liu , Peng Li , Heng Ji , Minlie Huang , Maosong Sun , Jie Zhou

In the Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) field, agents are tasked with navigating real-world scenes guided by linguistic instructions. Enabling the agent to adhere to instructions throughout the process of navigation represents a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Wen Hanlin

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models provide a promising paradigm for robot learning by integrating visual perception with language-guided policy learning. However, most existing approaches rely on 2D visual inputs to perform actions in 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yicheng Feng , Wanpeng Zhang , Ye Wang , Hao Luo , Haoqi Yuan , Sipeng Zheng , Zongqing Lu

In recent years, instruction-tuned Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have been successful at several tasks, including image captioning and visual question answering; yet leveraging these models remains an open question for robotics. Prior LMMs…

Vision Language Navigation (VLN) typically requires agents to navigate to specified objects or remote regions in unknown scenes by obeying linguistic commands. Such tasks require organizing historical visual observations for linguistic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Bolei Chen , Jiaxu Kang , Yifei Wang , Ping Zhong , Qi Wu , Jianxin Wang

Autonomous navigation in highly constrained environments remains challenging for mobile robots. Classical navigation approaches offer safety assurances but require environment-specific parameter tuning; end-to-end learning bypasses…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuanjie Lu , Beichen Wang , Zhengqi Wu , Yang Li , Xiaomin Lin , Chengzhi Mao , Xuesu Xiao

Generative large language models (LLMs) are a promising alternative to pre-trained language models for entity matching due to their high zero-shot performance and ability to generalize to unseen entities. Existing research on using LLMs for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Aaron Steiner , Ralph Peeters , Christian Bizer

Training end-to-end policies from image data to directly predict navigation actions for robotic systems has proven inherently difficult. Existing approaches often suffer from either the sim-to-real gap during policy transfer or a limited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Lazar Milikic , Manthan Patel , Jonas Frey

Recent vision-language-action (VLA) models built upon pretrained vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved significant improvements in robotic manipulation. However, current VLAs still suffer from low sample efficiency and limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Shangchen Miao , Ningya Feng , Jialong Wu , Ye Lin , Xu He , Dong Li , Mingsheng Long

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) rely on effective multimodal alignment between pre-trained vision encoders and Large Language Models (LLMs) to integrate visual and textual information. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shweta Mahajan , Hoang Le , Hyojin Park , Farzad Farhadzadeh , Munawar Hayat , Fatih Porikli

Visual grounding refers to the ability of a model to identify a region within some visual input that matches a textual description. Consequently, a model equipped with visual grounding capabilities can target a wide range of applications in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Georgios Pantazopoulos , Eda B. Özyiğit

To operate effectively in the real world, robots should integrate multimodal reasoning with precise action generation. However, existing vision-language-action (VLA) models often sacrifice one for the other, narrow their abilities to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shuai Yang , Hao Li , Bin Wang , Yilun Chen , Yang Tian , Tai Wang , Hanqing Wang , Feng Zhao , Yiyi Liao , Jiangmiao Pang

Deep learning approaches to natural language processing have made great strides in recent years. While these models produce symbols that convey vast amounts of diverse knowledge, it is unclear how such symbols are grounded in data from the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-13 James Robert Kubricht , Zhaoyuan Yang , Jianwei Qiu , Peter Henry Tu

Visual grounding tasks aim to localize image regions based on natural language references. In this work, we explore whether generative VLMs predominantly trained on image-text data could be leveraged to scale up the text annotation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shijie Wang , Dahun Kim , Ali Taalimi , Chen Sun , Weicheng Kuo

Visual Grounding (VG) aims to utilize given natural language queries to locate specific target objects within images. While current transformer-based approaches demonstrate strong localization performance in standard scene (i.e, scenarios…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Jiangnan Xie , Xiaolong Zheng , Liang Zheng

Despite remarkable progress in Vision--Language--Action (VLA) models, a central bottleneck remains underexamined: the data infrastructure that underlies embodied learning. In this survey, we argue that future advances in VLA will depend…

While vision-language-action (VLA) models for embodied agents integrate perception, reasoning, and control, they remain constrained by two critical weaknesses: first, during grasping tasks, the action tokens generated by the language model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wentao Zhang , Aolan Sun , Wentao Mo , Xiaoyang Qu , Yuxin Zheng , Jianzong Wang

Vision-Language-Action models (VLAs) represent a significant frontier in embodied intelligence, aiming to bridge digital knowledge with physical-world interaction. Despite their remarkable performance, foundational VLAs are hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zhaoshu Yu , Bo Wang , Pengpeng Zeng , Haonan Zhang , Ji Zhang , Zheng Wang , Lianli Gao , Jingkuan Song , Nicu Sebe , Heng Tao Shen

Although Vision-Language Models (VLM) have demonstrated impressive planning and reasoning capabilities, translating these abilities into the physical world introduces significant challenges. Conventional Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mingyu Liu , Zheng Huang , Xiaoyi Lin , Muzhi Zhu , Canyu Zhao , Zongze Du , Yating Wang , Haoyi Zhu , Hao Chen , Chunhua Shen

One of the final frontiers in the development of complex human - AI collaborative systems is the ability of AI agents to comprehend the natural language and perform tasks accordingly. However, training efficient Reinforcement Learning (RL)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Chaitanya Kharyal , Sai Krishna Gottipati , Tanmay Kumar Sinha , Srijita Das , Matthew E. Taylor