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We present a unified Bayesian framework to jointly constrain the Hubble constant $H_0$ and the post-Newtonian parameter $\gamma$, a key probe of deviations from general relativity, using the population characteristics of strongly lensed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-15 Xinguang Ying , Tao Yang

Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) has been forecasted to become detectable in the upcoming observing runs. However, definitively distinguishing pairs of lensed sources from random associations is a challenging…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-05-31 Mesut Çalışkan , Jose María Ezquiaga , Otto A. Hannuksela , Daniel E. Holz

Strong gravitational lenses are unique cosmological probes. These produce multiple images of a single source. Whether a single galaxy, a group or a cluster, extracting cosmologically relevant information requires an accurate modeling of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-12-13 Irène Balmès

The coalescence of compact binaries containing neutron stars or black holes is one of the most promising signals for advanced ground-based laser interferometer gravitational-wave detectors, with the first direct detections expected over the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-02 Simon Stevenson , Frank Ohme , Stephen Fairhurst

We describe a Bayesian formalism for analyzing individual gravitational-wave events in light of the rest of an observed population. This analysis reveals how the idea of a "population-informed prior" arises naturally from a suitable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-11 Christopher J. Moore , Davide Gerosa

Templates modeling just the dominant mode of gravitational radiation are generally sufficient for the unbiased parameter inference of near-equal-mass compact binary mergers. However, neglecting the subdominant modes can bias the inference…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-09-04 Mukesh Kumar Singh , Shasvath J Kapadia , Aditya Vijaykumar , Parameswaran Ajith

Next-generation gravitational wave detectors such as the Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer will have increased sensitivity and observing volumes, enabling unprecedented precision in parameter estimation. However, this enhanced…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-16 Veome Kapil , Luca Reali , Roberto Cotesta , Emanuele Berti

Gravitational-wave observations have revealed sources whose unusual properties challenge our understanding of compact-binary formation. Inferring the formation processes that are best able to reproduce such events may therefore yield key…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-08 Matthew Mould , Davide Gerosa , Marco Dall'Amico , Michela Mapelli

The global network of interferometric gravitational wave (GW) observatories (LIGO, Virgo, KAGRA) has detected and characterized nearly 100 mergers of binary compact objects. However, many more real GWs are lurking sub-threshold, which need…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-28 Jack Heinzel , Colm Talbot , Gregory Ashton , Salvatore Vitale

Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) occurs when the GWs from a compact binary system travel near a massive object. The mismatch between a lensed signal and unlensed templates determines whether lensing can be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-05-24 Saif Ali , Evangelos Stoikos , Evan Meade , Michael Kesden , Lindsay King

As gravitational-wave catalogs grow, they will become increasingly computationally expensive to analyze in their entirety, especially when inferring astrophysical source populations with high-dimensional, flexible models. Bayesian…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 Noah E. Wolfe , Matthew Mould , John Veitch , Salvatore Vitale

Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational wave sources offers a novel probe of both the lens galaxy and the binary source population. In particular, the strong lensing event rate and the time delay distribution of multiply-imaged…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-20 Fei Xu , Jose Maria Ezquiaga , Daniel E. Holz

Gravitational wave measurements will provide insight into the population of coalescing compact binaries throughout the universe. We describe and demonstrate a flexible parametric method to infer the event rate as a function of compact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-08-20 Daniel Wysocki , Jacob Lange , Richard O'Shaughnessy

Gravitational waves (GWs) have revealed surprising properties of binary black hole (BBH) populations, but there is still mystery surrounding how these compact objects evolve. We apply Bayesian inference and an efficient method to calculate…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-21 Liana Rauf , Cullan Howlett , Simon Stevenson , Jeff Riley , Reinhold Willcox

Alternative theories of gravity predict up to six distinct polarization modes for gravitational waves. Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves allows us to probe the polarization content of these signals by effectively…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez

Next-generation GW detectors will produce a high rate of temporally overlapping signals from unrelated compact binary coalescences. Such overlaps can bias parameter estimation (PE) and mimic signatures of other physical effects, such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-09 Nishkal Rao , Anuj Mishra , Apratim Ganguly , Anupreeta More

The LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA catalog has been analyzed with an abundance of different population models due to theoretical uncertainty in the formation of gravitational-wave sources. To expedite model exploration, we introduce an efficient and…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-30 Matthew Mould , Noah E. Wolfe , Salvatore Vitale

Astrophysically motivated population models for binary black hole observables are often insufficient to capture the imprints of multiple formation channels. This is mainly due to the strongly parametrized nature of such investigations.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-05 Anarya Ray , Ignacio Magaña Hernandez , Katelyn Breivik , Jolien Creighton

Inferring the intrinsic population of compact binary mergers is complicated by detector selection biases and measurement uncertainties. Traditional parametric methods are limited by the need to presuppose functional forms, introducing…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Yi-kun Li , Cheng Cheng , Lang Cui , Yun Fang

The population properties of intermediate mass black holes remain largely unknown, and understanding their distribution could provide a missing link in the formation of supermassive black holes and galaxies. Gravitational wave observations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-06-22 Joseph Gais , Ken Ng , Eungwang Seo , Kaze W. K. Wong , Tjonnie G. F. Li