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As machine learning becomes more widespread and is used in more critical applications, it's important to provide explanations for these models, to prevent unintended behavior. Unfortunately, many current interpretability methods struggle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Andreas Madsen

Large Language Models (LLMs) tend to be unreliable in the factuality of their answers. To address this problem, NLP researchers have proposed a range of techniques to estimate LLM's confidence over facts. However, due to the lack of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Matéo Mahaut , Laura Aina , Paula Czarnowska , Momchil Hardalov , Thomas Müller , Lluís Màrquez

Recent studies have used both automatic metrics and human evaluations to assess the simplification abilities of LLMs. However, the suitability of existing evaluation methodologies for LLMs remains in question. First, the suitability of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Xuanxin Wu , Yuki Arase

While large pretrained language models (PLMs) demonstrate incredible fluency and performance on many natural language tasks, recent work has shown that well-performing PLMs are very sensitive to what prompts are feed into them. Even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Harsh Raj , Domenic Rosati , Subhabrata Majumdar

Ensuring alignment, which refers to making models behave in accordance with human intentions [1,2], has become a critical task before deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications. For instance, OpenAI devoted six months…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Yang Liu , Yuanshun Yao , Jean-Francois Ton , Xiaoying Zhang , Ruocheng Guo , Hao Cheng , Yegor Klochkov , Muhammad Faaiz Taufiq , Hang Li

We study how well large language models (LLMs) explain their generations through rationales -- a set of tokens extracted from the input text that reflect the decision-making process of LLMs. Specifically, we systematically study rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Mohsen Fayyaz , Fan Yin , Jiao Sun , Nanyun Peng

Conditional language models still generate unfaithful output that is not supported by their input. These unfaithful generations jeopardize trust in real-world applications such as summarization or human-machine interaction, motivating a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Julius Steen , Juri Opitz , Anette Frank , Katja Markert

The advent of large language models (LLMs) has dramatically advanced the state-of-the-art in numerous natural language generation tasks. For LLMs to be applied reliably, it is essential to have an accurate measure of their confidence.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Zhen Lin , Shubhendu Trivedi , Jimeng Sun

Large language models (LLMs) often generate content that contains factual errors when responding to fact-seeking prompts on open-ended topics. To benchmark a model's long-form factuality in open domains, we first use GPT-4 to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Jerry Wei , Chengrun Yang , Xinying Song , Yifeng Lu , Nathan Hu , Jie Huang , Dustin Tran , Daiyi Peng , Ruibo Liu , Da Huang , Cosmo Du , Quoc V. Le

Evaluating faithfulness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to a given task is a complex challenge. We propose two new unsupervised metrics for faithfulness evaluation using insights from information theory and thermodynamics. Our approach…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Igor Halperin

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated a remarkable ability to perform natural language understanding and generation tasks. In this work, we investigate the use of LLMs for evaluating faithfulness in news summarization,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Yi-Hui Lee , Xiangci Li , Jessica Ouyang

With the widespread application of Large Language Models (LLMs) to various domains, concerns regarding the trustworthiness of LLMs in safety-critical scenarios have been raised, due to their unpredictable tendency to hallucinate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Xin Qiu , Risto Miikkulainen

Text-based explainable recommendation aims to generate natural-language explanations that justify item recommendations, to improve user trust and system transparency. Although recent advances leverage LLMs to produce fluent outputs, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Ben Kabongo , Vincent Guigue

Although contemporary large language models (LMs) demonstrate impressive question-answering capabilities, their answers are typically the product of a single call to the model. This entails an unwelcome degree of opacity and compromises…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Antonia Creswell , Murray Shanahan

Summaries of medical text shall be faithful by being consistent and factual with source inputs, which is an important but understudied topic for safety and efficiency in healthcare. In this paper, we investigate and improve faithfulness in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Nan Zhang , Yusen Zhang , Wu Guo , Prasenjit Mitra , Rui Zhang

Accurately evaluating machine-translated text remains a long-standing challenge, particularly for long documents. Recent work has shown that large language models (LLMs) can serve as reliable and interpretable sentence-level translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tobias Domhan , Dawei Zhu

Text-to-SQL enables users to interact with databases using natural language, simplifying the retrieval and synthesis of information. Despite the remarkable success of large language models (LLMs) in translating natural language questions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Gyubok Lee , Woosog Chay , Seonhee Cho , Edward Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate plausible free text self-explanations to justify their answers. However, these natural language explanations may not accurately reflect the model's actual reasoning process, pinpointing a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Milan Bhan , Jean-Noel Vittaut , Nicolas Chesneau , Sarath Chandar , Marie-Jeanne Lesot

This study investigates the automation of meta-analysis in scientific documents using large language models (LLMs). Meta-analysis is a robust statistical method that synthesizes the findings of multiple studies support articles to provide a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jawad Ibn Ahad , Rafeed Mohammad Sultan , Abraham Kaikobad , Fuad Rahman , Mohammad Ruhul Amin , Nabeel Mohammed , Shafin Rahman

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) generate summaries faithful to a given source document is essential for real-world applications. While prior research has explored LLM faithfulness, existing benchmarks suffer from annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Qiang Ding , Lvzhou Luo , Yixuan Cao , Ping Luo