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In real-world NLP applications, Large Language Models (LLMs) offer promising solutions due to their extensive training on vast datasets. However, the large size and high computation demands of LLMs limit their practicality in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Juanhui Li , Sreyashi Nag , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sheikh Sarwar , Limeng Cui , Hansu Gu , Suhang Wang , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is essential for enhancing their performance on specific tasks but is often resource-intensive due to redundant or uninformative data. To address this inefficiency, we introduce DELIFT (Data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ishika Agarwal , Krishnateja Killamsetty , Lucian Popa , Marina Danilevksy

Instruction tuning is a vital step of training large language models (LLMs), so how to enhance the effect of instruction tuning has received increased attention. Existing works indicate that the quality of the dataset is more crucial than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Bolin Zhang , Jiahao Wang , Qianlong Du , Jiajun Zhang , Zhiying Tu , Dianhui Chu

Recent advancements in instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) suggest that a small, high-quality dataset can significantly equip LLMs with instruction-following capabilities, outperforming large datasets often burdened by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Jia Zhang , Chen-Xi Zhang , Yao Liu , Yi-Xuan Jin , Xiao-Wen Yang , Bo Zheng , Yi Liu , Lan-Zhe Guo

Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) Large Language Models (LLM) fundamentally rely on high-quality training data. While data selection and data synthesis are two common strategies to improve data quality, existing approaches often face limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zinan Tang , Xin Gao , Qizhi Pei , Zhuoshi Pan , Mengzhang Cai , Jiang Wu , Conghui He , Lijun Wu

Large language models (LLMs) are initially pretrained for broad capabilities and then finetuned with instruction-following datasets to improve their performance in interacting with humans. Despite advances in finetuning, a standardized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Yihan Cao , Yanbin Kang , Chi Wang , Lichao Sun

Instruction tuning is critical to large language models (LLMs) for achieving better instruction following and task adaptation capabilities but its success heavily relies on the training data quality. Many recent methods focus on improving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ming Li , Lichang Chen , Jiuhai Chen , Shwai He , Jiuxiang Gu , Tianyi Zhou

Datasets nowadays are generally constructed from multiple sources and using different synthetic techniques, making data de-noising and de-duplication crucial before being used for post-training. In this work, we propose to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Qi Jia , Siyu Ren , Ziheng Qin , Fuzhao Xue , Jinjie Ni , Yang You

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow increasingly adept at managing complex tasks, the evaluation set must keep pace with these advancements to ensure it remains sufficiently discriminative. Item Discrimination (ID) theory, which is widely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Fan Lin , Shuyi Xie , Yong Dai , Wenlin Yao , Tianjiao Lang , Zishan Xu , Zhichao Hu , Xiao Xiao , Yuhong Liu , Yu Zhang

Pretrained large language models (LLMs) are currently state-of-the-art for solving the vast majority of natural language processing tasks. While many real-world applications still require fine-tuning to reach satisfactory levels of…

Instruction tuning plays a critical role in aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preference. Despite the vast amount of open instruction datasets, naively training a LLM on all existing instructions may not be optimal and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Yulei Qin , Yuncheng Yang , Pengcheng Guo , Gang Li , Hang Shao , Yuchen Shi , Zihan Xu , Yun Gu , Ke Li , Xing Sun

Enhancing the instruction-following ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) primarily demands substantial instruction-tuning datasets. However, the sheer volume of these imposes a considerable computational burden and annotation cost. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Shengguang Wu , Keming Lu , Benfeng Xu , Junyang Lin , Qi Su , Chang Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in text-to-SQL, which involves translating natural language questions into SQL queries. However, current text-to-SQL LLMs are computationally expensive and challenging to deploy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Qihuang Zhong , Kunfeng Chen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Instruction tuning for large language models (LLMs) has gained attention from researchers due to its ability to unlock the potential of LLMs in following instructions. While instruction tuning offers advantages for facilitating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Hao Chen , Yiming Zhang , Qi Zhang , Hantao Yang , Xiaomeng Hu , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Junbo Zhao

In-context learning (ICL) with large language models (LLMs) delivers strong few-shot performance by choosing few-shot demonstrations from the entire training data. However, existing ICL methods, which rely on similarity or diversity scores…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Jiarui Jin , Yuwei Wu , Haoxuan Li , Xiaoting He , Weinan Zhang , Yiming Yang , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Mengyue Yang

The hypothesis that pretrained large language models (LLMs) necessitate only minimal supervision during the fine-tuning (SFT) stage (Zhou et al., 2024) has been substantiated by recent advancements in data curation and selection research.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Mengyao Lyu , Yan Li , Huasong Zhong , Wenhao Yang , Hui Chen , Jungong Han , Guiguang Ding , Zhenheng Yang

As a promising paradigm to collaboratively train models with decentralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can be exploited to fine-tune Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs correspond to huge size, the scale of the training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Ji Liu , Jiaxiang Ren , Ruoming Jin , Zijie Zhang , Yang Zhou , Patrick Valduriez , Dejing Dou

Instruction tuning is a crucial step in improving the responsiveness of pretrained large language models (LLMs) to human instructions. Federated learning (FL) helps to exploit the use of vast private instruction data from clients, becoming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zhen Qin , Zhaomin Wu , Bingsheng He , Shuiguang Deng

Psychological assessments commonly rely on rating-scale items, which require respondents to condense complex experiences into predefined categories. Although rich, unstructured text is often captured alongside these scales, it rarely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Joe Watson , Ivan O'Connor , Chia-Wen Chen , Luning Sun , Fang Luo , David Stillwell

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) on downstream tasks usually hinges on instruction tuning, which relies critically on the quality of training data. Unfortunately, collecting high-quality and diverse data is both expensive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Hang Zhou , Yehui Tang , Haochen Qin , Yujie Yang , Renren Jin , Deyi Xiong , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang