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Conformal prediction is a popular method to construct prediction intervals with marginal coverage guarantees from black-box machine learning models. In applications with potentially high-impact events, such as flooding or financial crises,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-02 Olivier C. Pasche , Henry Lam , Sebastian Engelke

The use of Shap scores has become widespread in Explainable AI. However, their computation is in general intractable, in particular when done with a black-box classifier, such as neural network. Recent research has unveiled classes of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Leopoldo Bertossi , Jorge E. Leon

Continual Learning trains models on a stream of data, with the aim of learning new information without forgetting previous knowledge. Given the dynamic nature of such environments, explaining the predictions of these models can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Andrea Cossu , Francesco Spinnato , Riccardo Guidotti , Davide Bacciu

Among explainability techniques, SHAP stands out as one of the most popular, but often overlooks the causal structure of the problem. In response, do-SHAP employs interventional queries, but its reliance on estimands hinders its practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Álvaro Parafita , Tomas Garriga , Axel Brando , Francisco J. Cazorla

SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values are a widely used method for local feature attribution in interpretable and explainable AI. We propose an efficient two-stage algorithm for computing SHAP values in both black-box setting and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Ali Gorji , Andisheh Amrollahi , Andreas Krause

Given that machine learning algorithms are increasingly being deployed to aid in high stakes decision-making, uncertainty quantification methods that wrap around these black box models such as conformal prediction have received much…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-09 Kayla E. Scharfstein , Arun Kumar Kuchibhotla

Missing data is a prevalent issue that can significantly impair model performance and explainability. This paper briefly summarizes the development of the field of missing data with respect to Explainable Artificial Intelligence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tuan L. Vo , Thu Nguyen , Luis M. Lopez-Ramos , Hugo L. Hammer , Michael A. Riegler , Pal Halvorsen

Conformal prediction is a powerful distribution-free tool for uncertainty quantification, establishing valid prediction intervals with finite-sample guarantees. To produce valid intervals which are also adaptive to the difficulty of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Nabeel Seedat , Alan Jeffares , Fergus Imrie , Mihaela van der Schaar

SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanation) values are one of the leading tools for interpreting machine learning models, with strong theoretical guarantees (consistency, local accuracy) and a wide availability of implementations and use cases.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Jilei Yang

Academic performance depends on a multivariable nexus of socio-academic and financial factors. This study investigates these influences to develop effective strategies for optimizing students' CGPA. To achieve this, we reviewed various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Bushra Akter , Md Biplob Hosen , Sabbir Ahmed , Mehrin Anannya , Md. Farhad Hossain

It is common in machine learning to estimate a response $y$ given covariate information $x$. However, these predictions alone do not quantify any uncertainty associated with said predictions. One way to overcome this deficiency is with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Chancellor Johnstone , Eugene Ndiaye

We build on a recently proposed method for stepwise explaining solutions of Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSP) in a human-understandable way. An explanation here is a sequence of simple inference steps where simplicity is quantified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Emilio Gamba , Bart Bogaerts , Tias Guns

Objective: Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) is a popular post-hoc technique for explaining black box models. While the impact of data imbalance on predictive models has been extensively studied, it remains largely unknown with respect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Mingxuan Liu , Yilin Ning , Han Yuan , Marcus Eng Hock Ong , Nan Liu

In the recent advances of natural language processing, the scale of the state-of-the-art models and datasets is usually extensive, which challenges the application of sample-based explanation methods in many aspects, such as explanation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Wei Zhang , Ziming Huang , Yada Zhu , Guangnan Ye , Xiaodong Cui , Fan Zhang

Several explainable AI methods allow a Machine Learning user to get insights on the classification process of a black-box model in the form of local linear explanations. With such information, the user can judge which features are locally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Francesco Lomuscio , Paolo Bajardi , Alan Perotti , Elvio G. Amparore

Explaining complex or seemingly simple machine learning models is an important practical problem. We want to explain individual predictions from a complex machine learning model by learning simple, interpretable explanations. Shapley values…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-07 Kjersti Aas , Martin Jullum , Anders Løland

Conformal prediction provides a powerful framework for constructing distribution-free prediction regions with finite-sample coverage guarantees. While extensively studied in univariate settings, its extension to multi-output problems…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-04 Victor Dheur , Matteo Fontana , Yorick Estievenart , Naomi Desobry , Souhaib Ben Taieb

With increasing interest in explaining machine learning (ML) models, the first part of this two-part study synthesizes recent research on methods for explaining global and local aspects of ML models. This study distinguishes explainability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-17 Montgomery Flora , Corey Potvin , Amy McGovern , Shawn Handler

In the past years, many new explanation methods have been proposed to achieve interpretability of machine learning predictions. However, the utility of these methods in practical applications has not been researched extensively. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Hilde J. P. Weerts , Werner van Ipenburg , Mykola Pechenizkiy

The Shapley value concept from cooperative game theory has become a popular technique for interpreting ML models, but efficiently estimating these values remains challenging, particularly in the model-agnostic setting. Here, we revisit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Ian Covert , Su-In Lee