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In recent years, deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) has been successful in various combinatorial search domains, such as two-player games and scientific discovery. However, directly applying deep RL in planning domains is still challenging.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Dieqiao Feng , Carla P. Gomes , Bart Selman

Let $k \in \mathbb{N}$ and let $H_1, H_2, \ldots, H_k$ be simple graphs such that for each $j \in \{ 1, 2, \ldots, k \}$, the vertex set of $H_j$ is $\{ 0, 1, 2, \ldots, n_j - 1 \}$ for some $n_j \in \mathbb{N}$. The ordered Ramsey number…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Nino Bašić , Ivan Damnjanović , Dragan Stevanović , Ivan Stošić

For positive integers $n,r,s$ with $r > s$, the set-coloring Ramsey number $R(n;r,s)$ is the minimum $N$ such that if every edge of the complete graph $K_N$ receives a set of $s$ colors from a palette of $r$ colors, then there is a subset…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-15 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Huy Tuan Pham , Yufei Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a subfield of machine learning that focuses on developing models that can autonomously learn optimal decision-making strategies over time. In a recent pioneering paper, Wagner demonstrated how the Deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ivan Damnjanović , Uroš Milivojević , Irena Đorđević , Dragan Stevanović

The Ramsey number $R_X(p,q)$ for a class of graphs $X$ is the minimum $n$ such that every graph in $X$ with at least $n$ vertices has either a clique of size $p$ or an independent set of size $q$. We say that Ramsey numbers are linear in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-07 Bogdan Alecu , Aistis Atminas , Vadim Lozin , Viktor Zamaraev

Graph path search is a classic computer science problem that has been recently approached with Reinforcement Learning (RL) due to its potential to outperform prior methods. Existing RL techniques typically assume a global view of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Alexei Pisacane , Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Mirco Musolesi

Given an acyclic oriented graph $\vec{H}$ and a graph $G$, we write $G \to \vec{H}$ if every orientation of $G$ has an oriented copy of $\vec{H}$. We define $\vec{R}(\vec{H})$ as the smallest number $n$ such that there exists a graph $G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Bruno Pasqualotto Cavalar

For ordered graphs $G$ and $H$, the ordered Ramsey number $r_<(G,H)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every red/blue edge coloring of the complete graph on vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}$ contains either a blue copy of $G$ or a red copy of $H$, where…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-08-14 Dhruv Rohatgi

An ordered graph is a pair $\mathcal{G}=(G,\prec)$ where $G$ is a graph and $\prec$ is a total ordering of its vertices. The ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{G})$ is the minimum number $N$ such that every $2$-coloring of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-06-21 Martin Balko , Vít Jelínek , Pavel Valtr

The application of reinforcement learning (RL) to dynamic resource allocation in optical networks has been the focus of intense research activity in recent years, with almost 100 peer-reviewed papers. We present a review of progress in the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Michael Doherty , Robin Matzner , Rasoul Sadeghi , Polina Bayvel , Alejandra Beghelli

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $G$ with vertex set $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, the ordered Ramsey number $\operatorname{OR}_t(G)$ is the least integer $N$ such that every $t$-coloring of the edges of the complete $k$-uniform graph on vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-05 Christopher Cox , Derrick Stolee

Let $G_1$ and $G_2$ be two given graphs. The Ramsey number $R(G_1,G_2)$ is the least integer $r$ such that for every graph $G$ on $r$ vertices, either $G$ contains a $G_1$ or $\overline{G}$ contains a $G_2$. We denote by $P_n$ the path on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-06-21 Binlong Li , Bo Ning

The Ramsey number $r(t;\ell)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every $\ell$-coloring of the edges of $K_n$ gives a monochromatic $K_{t}$. In recent years, there have been several improvements on asymptotic lower bounds for these numbers when…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-03 Yamaan Attwa , Albert López Vidal , Patrick Morris

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have been shown to be valuable for constructing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) for network data. They allow determining if a flow is malicious or not already before it is over, making it possible to take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Maximilian Bachl , Fares Meghdouri , Joachim Fabini , Tanja Zseby

In this paper, we investigate a new variant of neural architecture search (NAS) paradigm -- searching with random labels (RLNAS). The task sounds counter-intuitive for most existing NAS algorithms since random label provides few information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Xuanyang Zhang , Pengfei Hou , Xiangyu Zhang , Jian Sun

An ordered graph is a graph whose vertex set is equipped with a total order. The ordered complete graph $K_N^<$ is the complete graph with vertex set $[N]$ equipped with the natural ordering of the integers. Given an ordered graph $H$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Gaurav Kucheriya , Allan Lo , Jan Petr , Amedeo Sgueglia , Jun Yan

We consider a variation of Ramsey numbers introduced by Erd\H{o}s and Pach (1983), where instead of seeking complete or independent sets we only seek a $t$-homogeneous set, a vertex subset that induces a subgraph of minimum degree at least…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-07-19 Ross J. Kang , János Pach , Viresh Patel , Guus Regts

The cube graph Q_n is the skeleton of the n-dimensional cube. It is an n-regular graph on 2^n vertices. The Ramsey number r(Q_n, K_s) is the minimum N such that every graph of order N contains the cube graph Q_n or an independent set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-12-16 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Choongbum Lee , Benny Sudakov

We study the following question raised by Erd\H{o}s and Hajnal in the early 90's. Over all $n$-vertex graphs $G$ what is the smallest possible value of $m$ for which any $m$ vertices of $G$ contain both a clique and an independent set of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-12 N. Alon , M. Bucić , B. Sudakov

The $(m,n)$-online Ramsey game is a combinatorial game between two players, Builder and Painter. Starting from an infinite set of isolated vertices, Builder draws an edge on each turn and Painter immediately paints it red or blue. Builder's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-11-06 David Conlon , Jacob Fox , Andrey Grinshpun , Xiaoyu He