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The active impedance is a fundamental parameter for characterizing the behavior of large, uniform phased array antennas. However, its conventional calculation via the mutual impedance matrix (or the scattering matrix) offers limited…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 M. Deng , J. Wu

Quaternion models have been developed for both direction of arrival estimation and beamforming based on crossed-dipole arrays in the past. However, for almost all the models, especially for adaptive beamforming, the desired signal is still…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-08-01 Xiang Lan , Wei Liu

This paper proposes optimal beam patterns of analog beamforming for SU (Single User) massive MIMO (Multi-Input Multi-Output) transmission systems. For hybrid beamforming in SU massive MIMO systems, there are several design parameters such…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-12-17 Maki Arai , Kei Sakaguchi , Kiyomichi Araki

Line differential microphone arrays have attracted attention for their ability to achieve frequency-invariant beampatterns and high directivity. Recently, the Jacobi-Anger expansion-based approach has enabled the design of fully…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-26 Yankai Zhang , Jiafeng Ding , Jingjing Ning , Qiaoxi Zhu

The uplink where both the transmitter and receiver can use a large antenna array is considered. This is proposed as a method of antenna offloading and connecting small cell access points (SCAP) in a Two-Tier cellular network. Due to having…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-27 Namal Rajatheva , Elvino Sousa

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been recently advanced to tremendously improve the performance of wireless networks. However, the use of very large antenna arrays brings new issues, such as the significantly…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-07 Yong Zeng , Rui Zhang , Zhi Ning Chen

The recently emerged movable antenna (MA) and fluid antenna technologies offer promising solutions to enhance the spatial degrees of freedom in wireless systems by dynamically adjusting the positions of transmit or receive antennas within…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Yikun Wang , Yang Li , Zeyi Ren , Jingreng Lei , Yik-Chung Wu , Rui Zhang

This paper addresses a drawback of massive multiple-input multiple-output Maximum Ratio Transmission beamforming. In some propagation conditions, when the base station serves the same target user equipment for a long period, it reduces the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-16 Nour Awarkeh , Dinh-Thuy Phan-Huy , Raphael Visoz , Marco Di Renzo

The demands for high data rates in 6G networks have driven the transition toward higher frequencies and larger antenna apertures, giving rise to the near-field communications. In the near-field region, spherical waves enable beam focusing…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Shupei Zhang , Boya Di , Lingyang Song

Superdirective (supergain) antennas aim to produce a narrow main beam from radiators that are electrically small compared with the wavelength. Instead of enlarging the physical aperture, they rely on strongly coupled currents, near-field…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-05 Alex Krasnok

Multiple antenna techniques that allow energy beamforming have been looked upon as a possible candidate for increasing the transfer efficiency between the energy transmitter (ET) and the energy receiver (ER) in wireless power transfer. This…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Samith Abeywickrama , Tharaka Samarasinghe , Chin Keong Ho , Chau Yuen

With the emergence of AI technologies in next-generation communication systems, machine learning plays a pivotal role due to its ability to address high-dimensional, non-stationary optimization problems within dynamic environments while…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-04 Nancy Nayak , Kin K. Leung , Lajos Hanzo

The performance of collaborative beamforming is analyzed using the theory of random arrays. The statistical average and distribution of the beampattern of randomly generated phased arrays is derived in the framework of wireless ad hoc…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-31 Hideki Ochiai , Patrick Mitran , H. Vincent Poor , Vahid Tarokh

A novel fully-connected (FC) tri-hybrid beamforming (THB) architecture is proposed for pinching antenna systems (PASS). In contrast to conventional sub-connected (SC) PASS, the proposed FC architecture employs a tunable phase-shifter…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-19 Cheng-Jie Zhao , Zhaolin Wang , Hyundong Shin , Yuanwei Liu

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) offers substantial spectral-efficiency gains, but scaling to very large antenna arrays with conventional all-digital and hybrid beamforming architectures quickly results in excessively high…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Carolina Nolasco-Ferencikova , Georg Schwan , Raphael Rolny , Alexander Stutz-Tirri , Christoph Studer

In today's ever-connected world, the demand for fast and widespread connectivity is insatiable, making multibeam satellite systems an indispensable pillar of modern telecommunications infrastructure. However, the evolving communication…

The responsivity of perturbation sensing can be effectively enhanced by using higher-order exceptional points (HOEPs) due to their nonlinear response to frequency perturbations. However, experimental realization can be difficult due to the…

Optics · Physics 2024-12-02 Todd Darcie , J. Stewart Aitchison

Due to the large bandwidth available, millimeter-Wave (mmWave) bands are considered a viable opportunity to significantly increase the data rate in cellular and wireless networks. Nevertheless, the need for beamforming and directional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-23 Sara Khosravi , Hossein S. Ghadikolaeiy , Jens Zander , Marina Petrova

A near-field wideband communication system is investigated in which a base station (BS) employs an extra-large scale antenna array (ELAA) to serve multiple users in its near-field region. To facilitate near-field multi-user beamforming and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Zhaolin Wang , Xidong Mu , Yuanwei Liu

We present a multi-node, multi-objective open-loop microwave distributed beamforming system based on high-accuracy wireless synchronization and localization. Distributed beamforming requires accurate coordination of the spatial and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-23 Ahona Bhattacharyya , Jeffrey A. Nanzer