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Let $M$ be a regular matroid. The Jacobian group ${\rm Jac}(M)$ of $M$ is a finite abelian group whose cardinality is equal to the number of bases of $M$. This group generalizes the definition of the Jacobian group (also known as the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-11 Spencer Backman , Matthew Baker , Chi Ho Yuen

Let $G$ be a finite undirected multigraph with no self-loops. The Jacobian $\operatorname{Jac}(G)$ is a finite abelian group associated with $G$ whose cardinality is equal to the number of spanning trees of $G$. There are only a finite…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-01-19 Hahn Lheem , Deyuan Li , Carl Joshua Quines , Jessica Zhang

We define a generalized Jacobian $\mathrm{J}_\mathfrak{m}(\mathit{Gr})$ and a generalized Picard group $\mathrm{P}_\mathfrak{m}(\mathit{Gr})$ of a graph $\mathit{Gr}$ with respect to a modulus $ \mathfrak{m}=\sum_{i=1}^s m_iw_i$ with $w_i$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-16 Bruce W. Jordan , Kenneth A. Ribet , Anthony J. Scholl

The Picard group of an undirected graph is a finitely generated abelian group, and the Jacobian is the torsion subgroup of the Picard group. These groups can be computed by using the Smith normal form of the Laplacian matrix of the graph or…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Jaiung Jun , Youngsu Kim , Matthew Pisano

The Jacobian group (also known as the critical group or sandpile group) is an important invariant of a finite, connected graph $X$; it is a finite abelian group whose cardinality is equal to the number of spanning trees of $X$ (Kirchhoff's…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-19 Sophia Gonet

A matroid is a combinatorial structure that captures and generalizes the algebraic concept of linear independence under a broader and more abstract framework. Matroids are closely related with many other topics in discrete mathematics, such…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-16 Gianira N. Alfarano , Karan Khathuria , Simran Tinani

We determine explicitly the Picard groups of the universal Jacobian stack and of its compactification over the stack of stable curves. Along the way, we prove some results concerning the gerbe structure of the universal Jacobian stack over…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2014-05-05 Margarida Melo , Filippo Viviani

Let $G$ be a connected graph. The Jacobian group (also known as the Picard group or sandpile group) of $G$ is a finite abelian group whose cardinality equals the number of spanning trees of $G$. The Jacobian group admits a canonical simply…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-30 Changxin Ding

Motivated by the appearance of embeddings in the theory of chip firing and the critical group of a graph, we introduce a version of the critical group (or sandpile group) for combinatorial maps, that is, for graphs embedded in orientable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-19 Criel Merino , Iain Moffatt , Steven Noble

Subject to announced results by Geelen, Gerards, and Whittle, we completely characterize the highly connected members of the classes of dyadic, near-regular, and sixth-root-of-unity matroids.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Ben Clark , Kevin Grace , James Oxley , Stefan H. M. van Zwam

Given a subgroup $\mathcal{H}$ of a product of finite groups $\mathcal{G} = \displaystyle\prod^n_{i=1} \Gamma_i$ and $b>1,$ we define a polymatroid $P(\mathcal{H},b).$ If all of the $\Gamma_i$ are isomorphic to $\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z},$ $p$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-28 Ed Swartz , Prairie Wentworth-Nice , Alexander Xue

This is an introductory paper about the category of regular oriented matroids (ROMs). We compare the homotopy types of the categories of regular and binary matroids. For example, in the unoriented case, they have the same fundamental group…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-17 Kiyoshi Igusa

Previous work of Chan--Church--Grochow and Baker--Wang shows that the set of spanning trees in a plane graph $G$ is naturally a torsor for the Jacobian group of $G$. Informally, this means that the set of spanning trees of $G$ naturally…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Matthew Baker , Changxin Ding , Donggyu Kim

We define the Laplacian matrix and the Jacobian group of a finite graph of groups. We prove analogues of the matrix tree theorem and the class number formula for the order of the Jacobian of a graph of groups. Given a group $G$ acting on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-27 Margaret Meyer , Dmitry Zakharov

The Jacobian group of a graph is a finite abelian group through which we can study the graph in an algebraic way. When the graph is a finite abelian covering of another graph, the Jacobian group is equipped with the action of the Galois…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-02 Takenori Kataoka

Chip firing provides a way to study the sandpile group (also known as the Jacobian) of a graph. We use a generalized version of chip firing to bound the number of invariant factors of the critical group of an arithmetical structure on a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Kassie Archer , Alexander Diaz-Lopez , Darren Glass , Joel Louwsma

Graphings serve as limit objects for bounded-degree graphs. We define the ``cycle matroid'' of a graphing as a submodular setfunction, with values in [0,1], which generalizes (up to normalization) the cycle matroid of finite graphs. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-08 László Lovász

In this paper we construct a new, previously unknown four-parameter family of complex Hadamard matrices of order 6, the entries of which are described by algebraic functions of roots of various sextic polynomials. We conjecture that the…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Ferenc Szöllősi

We introduce jacobian graphs, which are explicit families of regular graphs that are spectrally indistinguishable from random graphs, but whose local structure is very different from that of random graphs. The construction relies on the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Arthur Forey , Javier Fresán , Emmanuel Kowalski , Yuval Wigderson

For any smooth connected linear algebraic group G over an algebraically closed field k, we describe the Picard group of the universal moduli stack of principal G-bundles over pointed smooth k-projective curves.

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Roberto Fringuelli , Filippo Viviani
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