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Empirical software engineering is concerned with the design and analysis of empirical studies that include software products, processes, and resources. Optimization is a form of data analytics in support of human decision-making.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Guenther Ruhe

Locating and distilling the valuable relevant information continued to be the major challenges of Information Retrieval (IR) Systems owing to the explosive growth of online web information. These challenges can be considered the XML…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-10-29 Suma D. , U. Dinesh Acharya , Geetha M. , Raviraja Holla M

This paper illustrates some challenges of common ranking evaluation methods for legal information retrieval (IR). We show these challenges with log data from a live legal search system and two user studies. We provide an overview of aspects…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Gineke Wiggers , Suzan Verberne , Arjen de Vries , Roel van der Burg

Reasoning-Intensive Retrieval (RIR) targets retrieval settings where relevance is mediated by latent inferential links between a query and supporting evidence, rather than semantic similarity. Motivated by the emergent reasoning abilities…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yiyang Wei , Tingyu Song , Siyue Zhang , Yilun Zhao

Conversational Information Retrieval (CIR) is an emerging field of Information Retrieval (IR) at the intersection of interactive IR and dialogue systems for open domain information needs. In order to optimize these interactions and enhance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-11 Pierre Erbacher , Laure Soulier , Ludovic Denoyer

Information Retrieval (IR) evaluation involves far more complexity than merely presenting performance measures in a table. Researchers often need to compare multiple models across various dimensions, such as the Precision-Recall trade-off…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Georgios Peikos , Wojciech Kusa , Symeon Symeonidis

Background: The need for empirical investigations in software engineering is growing. Many researchers nowadays, conduct and validate their solutions using empirical research. Survey is one empirical method which enables researchers to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-13 Ahmad Nauman Ghazi , Kai Petersen , Sri Sai Vijay Raj Reddy , Harini Nekkanti

The research field of Information Retrieval (IR) has evolved significantly, expanding beyond traditional search to meet diverse user information needs. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in…

Software engineering is extremely information-intensive. Every day developers work with source code, version repositories, issue trackers, documentation, web-based and other information resources. However, three key aspects of information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-07-18 Dimitar Asenov , Peter Müller , Lukas Vogel

Background: Research software plays an important role in solving real-life problems, empowering scientific innovations, and handling emergency situations. Therefore, the correctness and trustworthiness of research software are of absolute…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Nasir U. Eisty , Jeffrey C. Carver

Context: Empirical Software Engineering (ESE) faces increasing challenges due to data scale, methodological complexity, and reproducibility concerns. Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as promising tools to support empirical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Victoria Gomes , Delaney Selb , Fabio Palomba , Rodrigo Spinola , David Lo

As modern software systems continue to grow in complexity, triage has become a fundamental process in system operations and maintenance. Triage aims to efficiently prioritize, assign, and assess issues to ensure the reliability of complex…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yongxin Zhao , Shenglin Zhang , Yujia Wu , Yuxin Sun , Yongqian Sun , Dan Pei , Chetan Bansal , Minghua Ma

Background. Software Engineering (SE) researchers extensively perform experiments with human subjects. Well-defined samples are required to ensure external validity. Samples are selected \textit{purposely} or by \textit{convenience},…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Valentina Lenarduzzi , Oscar Dieste , Davide Fucci , Sira Vegas

To evaluate Information Retrieval (IR) effectiveness, a possible approach is to use test collections, which are composed of a collection of documents, a set of description of information needs (called topics), and a set of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Kevin Roitero

We present the Benchmark of Information Retrieval (IR) tasks with Complex Objectives (BIRCO). BIRCO evaluates the ability of IR systems to retrieve documents given multi-faceted user objectives. The benchmark's complexity and compact size…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Xiaoyue Wang , Jianyou Wang , Weili Cao , Kaicheng Wang , Ramamohan Paturi , Leon Bergen

Software product lines have recently been presented as one of the best promising improvements for the efficient software development. Different research works contribute supportive parameters and negotiations regarding the problems of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-13 Furrakh Shahzad , Maruf Pasha , Urooj Pasha , Bushra Majeed , Khurram Shahzad

The importance of tasks in information retrieval (IR) has been long argued for, addressed in different ways, often ignored, and frequently revisited. For decades, scholars made a case for the role that a user's task plays in how and why…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-01-13 Chirag Shah , Ryen W. White , Paul Thomas , Bhaskar Mitra , Shawon Sarkar , Nicholas Belkin

Tool learning aims to augment large language models (LLMs) with diverse tools, enabling them to act as agents for solving practical tasks. Due to the limited context length of tool-using LLMs, adopting information retrieval (IR) models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zhengliang Shi , Yuhan Wang , Lingyong Yan , Pengjie Ren , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Zhaochun Ren

Context: Software testing plays an essential role in product quality improvement. For this reason, several software testing models have been developed to support organizations. However, adoption of testing process models inside…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Katarína Hrabovská , Bruno Rossi , Tomáš Pitner

Case studies are a popular and noteworthy type of research study in software engineering, offering significant potential to impact industry practices by investigating phenomena in their natural contexts. This potential to reach a broad…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Sergio Rico