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We quantitatively estimate properties of the quark-gluon plasma created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions utilizing Bayesian statistics and a multi-parameter model-to-data comparison. The study is performed using a recently…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-08-22 Jonah E. Bernhard , J. Scott Moreland , Steffen A. Bass , Jia Liu , Ulrich Heinz

The eccentricity in coordinate-space at midrapidity of the overlap zone in high-energy heavy-ion collisions predicted by the $k_\perp$-factorization formalism is generically larger than expected from scaling with the number of participants.…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 Azfar Adil , Hans-Joachim Drescher , Adrian Dumitru , Arata Hayashigaki , Yasushi Nara

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and net-baryon density distributions in heavy ion collisions at arbitrary collision energy. The model includes the dynamical deceleration of participating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-02-21 Chun Shen , Björn Schenke

At top collider energies where baryon stopping is negligible, the initial state of heavy ion collisions is overall charge neutral and predominantly composed of gluons. Nevertheless, there can also be significant local fluctuations of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2023-12-27 Patrick Carzon

It has been theorized that if heavy nuclei (e.g. Au, Pb) are collided at sufficiently high energies, we might be to recreate the conditions that existed in the universe a few microseconds after the Big Bang. The kinetic energy of the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2007-07-18 Anuj K. Purwar

We report on recent progress in understanding multiparticle correlations in small systems from the initial state. First, we consider a proof-of-principle parton model, which we use to demonstrate that many of the multiparticle correlations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-20 Kevin Dusling , Mark Mace , Vladimir V. Skokov , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan

A relativistic 3-fluid 3D hydrodynamic model has been developed for describing heavy-ion collisions at incident energies between few and $\sim$ 200 A$\cdot$GeV. In addition to two baryon-rich fluids which simulate mutually decelerating…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 V. D. Toneev , Yu. B. Ivanov , E. G. Nikonov , W. Noerenberg , V. N. Russkikh

Heavy ion collisions pose interesting challenges to quantum chromodynamics, because they probe the parton structure of the incoming nuclei at very small longitudinal momentum fractions. Combined with the large size of nuclei, this may lead…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-01-17 Francois Gelis

A new method to quantify fluctuations in the initial state of heavy ion collisions is presented. The initial state energy distribution is decomposed with a set of orthogonal basis functions which include both angular and radial variation.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-07-24 Christopher E Coleman-Smith , Hannah Petersen , Robert L Wolpert

Many features of heavy-ion collisions are well described by hybrid approaches, where the droplet of strongly coupled quark gluon plasma (QGP) is modeled by hydrodynamics and the subsequent dilute stage is performed with a hadronic transport…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-05-14 Lucas Constantin , Niklas Götz , Carl B. Rosenkvist , Hannah Elfner

We discuss dense states of QCD matter formed in high-energy hadronic and heavy-ion collisions from the point of view of statistical physics of non-equilibrium processes. For this sake, we first propose a formulation of the dynamical entropy…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-03-27 Robi Peschanski

We investigate the robustness of the discovery of the perfect fluid through comparison of hydrodynamic calculations with the elliptic flow coefficient v_2 at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s_{NN}}=200 GeV. Employing the Glauber…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Tetsufumi Hirano , Ulrich W. Heinz , Dmitri Kharzeev , Roy Lacey , Yasushi Nara

Experimental measurements in collisions of small systems from p+p to p/d/3He+A at RHIC and the LHC reveal particle emission patterns that are strikingly similar to those observed in A+A collisions. One explanation of these patterns is the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-06-05 J. L. Nagle , W. A. Zajc

While the existence of a strongly interacting state of matter, known as 'quark-gluon plasma' (QGP), has been established in heavy ion collision experiments in the past decade, the task remains to map out the transition from the hadronic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-06-04 Jussi Auvinen , Hannah Petersen

Description of relativistic heavy-ion collisions at the energies of RHIC Beam Energy Scan program with fluid dynamic approach poses several challenges, one of which being a complex geometry and a longer duration of the pre-hydrodynamic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-04-26 Jakub Cimerman , Iurii Karpenko , Boris Tomášik , Barbara Antonina Trzeciak

The quark gluon plasma (QGP) is one of the most interesting forms of matter providing us with insight on quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and the early universe. It is believed that the heavy-ion collision experiments at the Relativistic Heavy…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2022-08-01 Wenkai Fan

The aim of this thesis is to calculate field-theoretically as rigorously as possible the initial state of partonic matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions at CERN-LHC and BNL-RHIC colliders. The computed minijet initial…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-09-12 Risto Paatelainen

In the framework of the Glauber approach we analyze the shape parameters of the early-formed system and their event-by-event fluctuations. We test a variety of models: the conventional wounded nucleon model, a model admixing binary…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Wojciech Broniowski , Piotr Bozek , Maciej Rybczynski

High-energy heavy-ion collisions provide a unique opportunity to study the properties of the hot and dense strongly-interacting system composed of deconfined quarks and gluons -- the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) -- in laboratory conditions. The…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2018-08-07 Mateusz Ploskon

We compute initial conditions in heavy-ion collisions within the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) framework by combining the impact parameter dependent saturation model (IP-Sat) with the classical Yang-Mills description of initial Glasma…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-06-20 Bjoern Schenke , Prithwish Tribedy , Raju Venugopalan