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Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are a promising grid-scale storage device however, the scalability of this technology and its electrochemical performance is limited by mass transport overpotentials. In this work, a numerical model of a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-10-15 Declan Finn Keogh , Mark Baldry , Victoria Timchenko , John Reizes , Chris Menictas

Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is limited by lithium plating, which occurs when the anode potential drops below 0 V vs Li/Li+. Model-based control aims to maximize charging current while maintaining anode potentials above this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Alessio Alberto Lodge , Alessio Lombardo Pontillo , Feye S. J. Hoekstra , Robinson Medina , Steven Wilkins , Ilenia Battiato

Electrical transients enabled by optical excitation and electric detection provide a distinctive opportunity to study the charge transport, recombination and even the hysteresis of a solar cell in a much wider time window ranging from…

Although battery technology has advanced tremendously over the past decade, it continues to be a bottleneck for the mass adoption of electric aircraft in long-haul cargo and passenger delivery. The onboard energy is expected to be utilized…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-03 Trevor Karpinski , Alexander Blakesley , Jakub Krol , Bani Anvari , George Gorospe , Liang Sun

In an article by Garc\'ia-Pintos et al. [Rev. Lett. 125, 040601 (2020)] the connection between the charging power of a quantum battery and the fluctuations of a "free energy operator" whose expectation value characterizes the maximum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-19 Shang-Yung Wang

Quantum batteries are quantum mechanical systems with many degrees of freedom which can be used to store energy and that display fast charging. The physics behind fast charging is still unclear. Is this just due to the collective behavior…

We propose a dynamical theory of how the chemical energy stored in a battery generates the electromotive force (emf). In this picture, the battery's half-cell acts as an engine, cyclically extracting work from its underlying chemical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-04-23 Robert Alicki , David Gelbwaser-Klimovsky , Alejandro Jenkins , Elizabeth von Hauff

Quantum battery works as a micro- or nano-device to store and redistribute energy at the quantum level. Here we propose a spin-charger protocol, in which the battery cells are charged by a finite number of spins through a general Heisenberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-03 Yong Huangfu , Jun Jing

This paper presents an online trajectory planning approach for optimal coordination of Fuel Cell (FC) and battery in plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). One of the main challenges in energy management of plug-in HEV is generating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-31 Katsuya Shigematsu , Hikaru Hoshino , Eiko Furutani

Airports worldwide are actively promoting the transition of ground service vehicles from traditional fuel-powered vehicles to electric vehicles. The key to the successful implementation of this transition lies in the development of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-28 Danwen Bao , Ziqian Zhang , Di Kang

Full charge capacity (FCC) refers to the amount of energy a battery can hold. It is the fundamental property of smartphone batteries that diminishes as the battery ages and is charged/discharged. We investigate the behavior of smartphone…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-06-07 Mohammad A. Hoque , Matti Siekkinen , Jonghoe Koo , Sasu Tarkoma

A data-driven solution is provided for the fast-charging problem of lithium-ion batteries with multiple safety and aging constraints. The proposed method optimizes the charging current based on the observed history of measurable battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-20 Hamed Taghavian , Malin Andersson , Mikael Johansson

A novel coupled path planning and energy management problem for a hybrid unmanned air vehicle is considered, where the hybrid vehicle is powered by a dual gas/electric system. Such an aerial robot is envisioned for use in an urban setting…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-05-31 Satyanarayana G. Manyam , David W. Casbeer , Swaroop Darbha , Isaac E. Weintraub , Krishna Kalyanam

The entropic coefficient of a lithium-ion battery cell is used to calculate the reversible heat of a battery during operation, which is a non-negligible part for the battery thermal modelling. The contribution of this article is to propose…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-11-03 Zeyang Geng , Jens Groot , Torbjörn Thiringer

This paper proposes a new equivalent circuit model for rechargeable batteries by modifying a double-capacitor model proposed in [1]. It is known that the original model can address the rate capacity effect and energy recovery effect…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-23 Ning Tian , Huazhen Fang , Jian Chen , Yebin Wang

Electrification in the automotive industry and increasing powertrain complexity demand accelerated, cost-effective development cycles. While data-driven models are recently investigated at component level, a gap exists in systematically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-17 Eymen Ipek , Mario Hirz

Internal short circuits are a leading cause of battery thermal runaway, and hence a major safety issue for electric vehicles. An internal short circuit with low resistance is called a hard internal short, which causes a high internal…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-27 Ting Cai , Peyman Mohtat , Anna G. Stefanopoulou , Jason B. Siegel

Cathode particle fracture is widely recognised as a major degradation mechanism in lithium-ion batteries, yet cracking also permits electrolyte wetting of newly exposed internal surfaces, modifying interfacial reaction pathways. The…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 S. Luza-Vega , Y. Zhao , E. Martínez-Pañeda

The proper disposal and repurposing of end-of-life electric vehicle batteries are critical for maximizing their environmental benefits. This study introduces a robust model predictive control (MPC) framework designed to optimize the battery…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-18 Meng Yuan , Adam Burman , Changfu Zou

Electrifying heavy-duty trucks offers a substantial opportunity to curtail carbon emissions, advancing toward a carbon-neutral future. However, the inherent challenges of limited battery energy and the sheer weight of heavy-duty trucks lead…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-27 Linyu Liu , Zhen Dai , Shiji Song , Xiaocheng Li , Guanting Chen