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We consider an energy functional on surface immersions which includes contributions from both boundary and interior. Inspired by physical examples, the boundary is modeled as the center line of a generalized Kirchhoff elastic rod, while the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-10-29 Anthony Gruber , Álvaro Pámpano , Magdalena Toda

Conformal Gravity (CG) is a Weyl--invariant metric theory whose action is free from divergences for generic asymptotically anti-de Sitter spaces. For Neumann boundary conditions, it reduces to renormalized Einstein--AdS gravity at tree…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-08-18 Giorgos Anastasiou , Martin Bravo , Rodrigo Olea

We introduce a fourth-order Willmore-type problem for closed four-dimensional submanifolds immersed in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and establish a connected sum energy reduction for the general fourth-order Willmore energy, analogous to the seminal…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-27 Nan Wu , Zetian Yan

We study the free energy of four-dimensional CFTs on deformed spheres. For generic nonsupersymmetric CFTs only the coefficient of the logarithmic divergence in the free energy is physical, which is an extremum for the round sphere. We then…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-10 Joseph A. Minahan , Usman Naseer , Charles Thull

Very little is yet known regarding the Willmore flow of surfaces with Dirichlet boundary conditions. We consider surfaces with a rotational symmetry as initial data and prove a global existence and convergence result for solutions of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Manuel Schlierf

The Poisson problem consists in finding an immersed surface $\Sigma\subset\mathbb{R}^m$ minimising Germain's elastic energy (known as Willmore energy in geometry) with prescribed boundary, boundary Gauss map and area which constitutes a…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2022-05-04 Francesca Da Lio , Francesco Palmurella , Tristan Rivière

We prove that the critical points of various energies such as the area, the Willmore energy, the frame energy for tori...etc among possibly branched immersions constrained to evolve within a smooth sub-manifold of the Teichm\"uller space…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2013-07-23 Tristan Rivière

Let $\Sigma$ be a closed surface of genus least two and $\rho \colon \pi_1(\Sigma) \to G$ a Hitchin representation into $G=\text{PSL}(n,\mathbb{R})$, $\text{PSp}(2n,\mathbb{R})$, $\text{PSO}(n,n+1)$ or $\text{G}_2$. We consider the energy…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-18 Ivo Slegers

We prove an $\epsilon$-regularity result for the tracefree curvature of a Willmore surface with bounded second fundamental form. For such a surface, we obtain a pointwise control of the tracefree second fundamental form from a small control…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2023-02-20 Yann Bernard , Paul Laurain , Nicolas Marque

We study isometric immersions of a Riemannian surface $(\Omega,\frak{g})$, where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^2$, into $\mathbb{R}^3$. We consider their bending energy, i.e., the square of the $L^2$-norm of their second fundamental form,…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-27 Raz Kupferman , Cy Maor , David Padilla-Garza

For a given family of smooth closed curves $\gamma^1,...,\gamma^\alpha\subset\mathbb{R}^3$ we consider the problem of finding an elastic \emph{connected} compact surface $M$ with boundary $\gamma=\gamma^1\cup...\cup\gamma^\alpha$. This is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-30 Matteo Novaga , Marco Pozzetta

We obtain an upper bound for the Morse index of Willmore spheres $\Sigma\subset S^3$ coming from an immersion of $S^2$. The quantization of Willmore energy shows that there exists an integer $m$ such that $\mathscr{W}(\Sigma)=4\pi m$. Then…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2016-03-31 Alexis Michelat

We show that the concept of $H^2$-gradient flow for the Willmore energy and other functionals that depend at most quadratically on the second fundamental form is well-defined in the space of immersions of Sobolev class $W^{2,p}$ from a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-03-21 Henrik Schumacher

We investigate the asymptotic behavior of the $\mathrm{SU}(2)$-Yang-Mills-Higgs energy $E(\Phi,A)=\int_M|d_A\Phi|^2+|F_A|^2$ in the large mass limit, proving convergence to the codimension-three area functional in the sense of De Giorgi's…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Davide Parise , Alessandro Pigati , Daniel Stern

This is a companion paper to arXiv:1207.3529 where we introduced the spinorial energy functional and studied its main properties in dimensions equal or greater than three. In this article we focus on the surface case. A salient feature here…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2018-11-13 Bernd Ammann , Hartmut Weiss , Frederik Witt

Several years ago we demonstrated that the Casimir energy for perfectly reflecting and imperfectly reflecting parallel plates gravitated normally, that is, obeyed the equivalence principle. At that time the divergences in the theory were…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-08 K. A. Milton , K. V. Shajesh , S. A. Fulling , Prachi Parashar

The Willmore energy of a closed surface in R^n is the integral of its squared mean curvature, and is invariant uner M\"obius transformations of R^n. We show that any torus in R^3 with energy at most $8 \pi-delta$ has a representative under…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-09-28 Ernst Kuwert , Reiner Schätzle

We prove that an isometric immersion of a simply connected Riemannian surface M in four-dimensional Minkowski space, with given normal bundle E and given mean curvature vector H \in \Gamma(E), is equivalent to a normalized spinor field…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-06-12 Pierre Bayard

We define and study a holographic dual to the topological twist of $\mathcal{N}=4$ gauge theories on Riemannian three-manifolds. The gravity duals are solutions to four-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=4$ gauged supergravity, where the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-09-21 Pietro Benetti Genolini , Paul Richmond , James Sparks

We consider a closed Willmore surface properly immersed in ${\R}^m$ (m>2) with square-integrable second fundamental form, and with one point-singularity of finite arbitrary integer order. Using the "conservative" reformulation of the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-01-20 Yann Bernard , Tristan Rivière