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Learning-based systems are increasingly deployed across various domains, yet the complexity of traditional neural networks poses significant challenges for formal verification. Unlike conventional neural networks, learned Logic Gate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Fabian Kresse , Emily Yu , Christoph H. Lampert , Thomas A. Henzinger

A scheme for logical computation using non-linear dynamical systems is presented. Examples of discrete-time maps configured as AND, OR, NAND and NOR gates are given. It is seen that the logical operations are flexible in the sense that an…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2007-05-23 Madhekar Suneel

We propose a general architecture for universal logic operations using NAND and NOR gates on classical information encoded in period-doubled states of periodically-driven systems. The protocol involves applying a single pulse that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Emmanuel D. G. U , Roy D. Jara , Jayson G. Cosme

A problem of universality in simulation of evolution of quantum system and in theory of quantum computations is related with the possibility of expression or approximation of arbitrary unitary transformation by composition of specific…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 Alexander Yu. Vlasov

In Boolean algebra, it is known that the logical function that corresponds to the negation of the conjunction --NAND-- is universal in the sense that any other logical function can be built based on it. This property makes it essential to…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-08-14 Victor Hernandez-Urbina

Logic gates can be written in terms of complex differential operators, where the inputs and outputs are holomorphic functions with several variables. Using the polar representation of complex numbers, we arrive at an immediate connection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-05 M. W. AlMasri

Today, almost all information processing is performed using electronic logic circuits operating with up to several gigahertz frequency. All-optical logic, however, that holds the promise to allow up to three orders of magnitude higher speed…

Multi-valued logic gates, which can handle quaternary numbers as inputs, are developed by exploiting the ballistic transport properties of quantum point contacts in series. The principle of a logic gate that finds the minimum of two…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-02-26 M. Seo , C. Hong , S. -Y. Lee , H. K. Choi , N. Kim , Y. Chung , V. Umansky , D. Mahalu

Noise-based logic, by utilizing its multidimensional logic hyperspace, has significant potential for low-power parallel operations in beyond-Moore-chips. However universal gates for Boolean logic thus far had to rely on either time…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-12-06 Ferdinand Peper , Laszlo B. Kish

In this study, we construct the quantum reversible counterparts of the logical AND, OR, XOR, NOR, and NAND gates. We utilize a quantum Fourier transform (QFT)-based adder circuit that replicates the functionality of a digital half-adder,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Ayda Kaltehei , Murat Kurt , Azmi Gençten , Selçuk Çakmak

We introduce a novel method for partial optimization of the connections in Deep Differentiable Logic Gate Networks (LGNs). Our training method utilizes a probability distribution over a subset of connections per gate input, selecting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Wout Mommen , Lars Keuninckx , Matthias Hartmann , Piet Wambacq

Using logic gates is the traditional way of designing logic circuits. However, most of the minimization algorithms concern a limited set of gates (complete sets), like sum of products, exclusive-or sum of products, NAND gates, NOR gates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-18 A. C. Dimopoulos , C. Pavlatos , G. Papakonstantinou

Neural networks are dynamical systems that compute with their dynamics. One example is the Hopfield model, forming an associative memory which stores patterns as global attractors of the network dynamics. From studies of dynamical networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Lorenz Baumgarten , Stefan Bornholdt

The universal optical logic gates, namely NAND and NOR gates, have been theoretically simulated by employing the energy sharing collision of bright optical solitons in the Manakov system, governing pulse propagation in a highly birefringent…

Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems · Physics 2023-11-23 M. Vijayajayanthi , T. Kanna , M. Lakshmanan

We show that in quantum computation almost every gate that operates on two or more bits is a universal gate. We discuss various physical considerations bearing on the proper definition of universality for computational components such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 D. Deutsch , A. Barenco , A. Ekert

It is an oft-cited fact that no quantum code can support a set of fault-tolerant logical gates that is both universal and transversal. This no-go theorem is generally responsible for the interest in alternative universality constructions…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-20 Theodore J. Yoder , Ryuji Takagi , Isaac L. Chuang

How to find universal sets quantum gates (gates whose composition can form any othergate within a given range) is an important part of the development of quantum computation science that has been explored in the past with success. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-19 Carlos Efrain Quintero Narvaez

The ubiquity of neural networks (NNs) in real-world applications, from healthcare to natural language processing, underscores their immense utility in capturing complex relationships within high-dimensional data. However, NNs come with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

Efficient machine learning deployment requires models that account for hardware constraints. Because binary logic gates are the fundamental primitives of digital hardware, models built directly from logic operations offer a promising path…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Katarzyna Fojcik , Renaldas Zioma , Jogundas Armaitis

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) have gained extensive attention for their superior inferencing efficiency and compression ratio compared to traditional full-precision networks. However, due to the unique characteristics of BNNs, designing a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Zhihao Lin , Yongtao Wang , Jinhe Zhang , Xiaojie Chu , Haibin Ling
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