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We demonstrate an implementation of the precise test of dimension on the qubit, using the public IBM quantum computer, using the determinant dimension witness. The accuracy is below $10^{-3}$ comparing to maximal possible value of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Josep Batle , Jakub Tworzydło , Adam Bednorz

We present a null witness of the dimension of a quantum system, discriminating real, complex and classical spaces, based on equality due to linear independence. The witness involves only a single measurement with sufficiently many outcomes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Josep Batle , Adam Bednorz

We propose a test for certifying the dimension of a quantum system: store in it a random $n$-bit string, in either the computational or the Hadamard basis, and later check that the string can be mostly recovered. The protocol tolerates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-02 Rui Chao , Ben W. Reichardt

We construct a null test of the two-level space of a qubit, which is both device independent and needs a small number of different experiments. We demonstrate its feasibility on IBM Quantum, with most qubits failing the test by more than 10…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Tomasz Rybotycki , Tomasz Białecki , Josep Batle , Adam Bednorz

We investigate the dimensionality of bipartite quantum systems by construction of a device-independent null witness test. This test assesses whether a given bipartite state conforms with the expected quantum dimension, Schmidt number, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Josep Batle , Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Jakub Tworzydło , Adam Bednorz

We report on an experimental test of classical and quantum dimension. We have used a dimension witness which can distinguish between quantum and classical systems of dimension 2,3 and 4 and performed the experiment for all five cases. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Johan Ahrens , Piotr Badziag , Marcin Pawlowski , Marek Zukowski , Mohamed Bourennane

We propose a device-independent null witness dimensionality test with bipartite measurements and input from two separate parties. The dimension is determined from the rank of the matrix of measurements for pairs of states prepared by the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-15 Josep Batle , Tomasz Białecki , Tomasz Rybotycki , Adam Bednorz

Dimension witnesses allow one to test the dimension of an unknown physical system in a device-independent manner, that is, without placing assumptions about the functioning of the devices used in the experiment. Here we present simple and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-16 Nicolas Brunner , Miguel Navascués , Tamás Vértesi

We present a method to test quantum behavior of quantum information processing devices, such as quantum memories, teleportation devices, channels and quantum key distribution protocols. The test of quantum behavior can be phrased as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-03-07 Hauke Häseler , Tobias Moroder , Norbert Lütkenhaus

We find the minimal number of independent preparations and measurements certifying the dimension of a classical or quantum system limited to $d$ states, optionally reduced to the real subspace. As a dimension certificate, we use the linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-29 Josep Batle , Adam Bednorz

We address the problem of testing the dimensionality of classical and quantum systems in a `black-box' scenario. We develop a general formalism for tackling this problem. This allows us to derive lower bounds on the classical dimension…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-28 Rodrigo Gallego , Nicolas Brunner , Christopher Hadley , Antonio Acin

An overwhelming majority of experiments in classical and quantum physics make a priori assumptions about the dimension of the system under consideration. However, would it be possible to assess the dimension of a completely unknown system…

We consider the problem of testing the dimension of uncharacterised classical and quantum systems in a prepare-and-measure setup. Here we assume the preparation and measurement devices to be independent, thereby making the problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-08 Joseph Bowles , Marco Tulio Quintino , Nicolas Brunner

Users of quantum computers must be able to confirm they are indeed functioning as intended, even when the devices are remotely accessed. In particular, if the Hilbert space dimension of the components are not as advertised -- for instance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-22 Armands Strikis , Animesh Datta , George C. Knee

We show that the phenomenon of quantum contextuality can be used to certify lower bounds on the dimension accessed by the measurement devices. To prove this, we derive bounds for different dimensions and scenarios of the simplest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-12 Otfried Gühne , Costantino Budroni , Adan Cabello , Matthias Kleinmann , Jan-Åke Larsson

Analyzing the dimension of an unknown quantum system in a device-independent manner, i.e., using only the measurement statistics, is a fundamental task in quantum physics and quantum information theory. In this paper, we consider this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-02 Jamie Sikora , Antonios Varvitsiotis , Zhaohui Wei

An important problem in quantum information processing is the certification of the dimension of quantum systems without making assumptions about the devices used to prepare and measure them, that is, in a device-independent manner. A…

Quantum information concepts and quantum technologies have opened the prospect to probe quantum gravity in table-top experiments. Many proposals rely on witnessing entanglement generation as a means to probe whether gravity is a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Konstantin Beyer , M. S. Kim , Igor Pikovski

The identification of an unknown quantum gate is a significant issue in quantum technology. In this paper, we propose a quantum gate identification method within the framework of quantum process tomography. In this method, a series of pure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-15 Yuanlong Wang , Qi Yin , Daoyi Dong , Bo Qi , Ian R. Petersen , Zhibo Hou , Hidehiro Yonezawa , Guo-Yong Xiang

Testing quantum theory on macroscopic scales is a longstanding challenge that might help to revolutionise physics. For example, laboratory tests (such as those anticipated in nanomechanical or biological systems) may look to rule out…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-22 Kunkun Wang , George C. Knee , Xiang Zhan , Zhihao Bian , Jian Li , Peng Xue
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