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The ability to communicate with robots using natural language is a significant step forward in human-robot interaction. However, accurately translating verbal commands into physical actions is promising, but still presents challenges.…

AI tasks encompass a wide range of domains and fields. While numerous AI models have been designed for specific tasks and applications, they often require considerable human efforts in finding the right model architecture, optimization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Shujian Zhang , Chengyue Gong , Lemeng Wu , Xingchao Liu , Mingyuan Zhou

Interaction with Large Language Models (LLMs) is primarily carried out via prompting. A prompt is a natural language instruction designed to elicit certain behaviour or output from a model. In theory, natural language prompts enable…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Michael Desmond , Michelle Brachman

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) exhibit impressive performance across various visual tasks. Subsequent investigations into enhancing their visual reasoning abilities have significantly expanded their performance envelope. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Yang Chen , Yufan Shen , Wenxuan Huang , Sheng Zhou , Qunshu Lin , Xinyu Cai , Zhi Yu , Jiajun Bu , Botian Shi , Yu Qiao

As robots become increasingly integrated into open-world, human-centered environments, their ability to interpret natural language instructions and adhere to safety constraints is critical for effective and trustworthy interaction. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zeyuan Feng , Haimingyue Zhang , Somil Bansal

Foundation models like Vision-Language Models (VLMs) excel at common sense vision and language tasks such as visual question answering. However, they cannot yet directly solve complex, long-horizon robot manipulation problems requiring…

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) equip pre-trained large-language models (LLMs) with visual capabilities. While textual prompting in LLMs has been widely studied, visual prompting has emerged for more fine-grained and free-form…

Visual generation models have made remarkable progress in creating realistic images from text prompts, yet struggle with complex prompts that specify multiple objects with precise spatial relationships and attributes. Effective handling of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Chengqi Duan , Rongyao Fang , Yuqing Wang , Kun Wang , Linjiang Huang , Xingyu Zeng , Hongsheng Li , Xihui Liu

Recently, natural language has been the primary medium for human-robot interaction. However, its inherent lack of spatial precision introduces challenges for robotic task definition such as ambiguity and verbosity. Moreover, in some public…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yanbang Li , Ziyang Gong , Haoyang Li , Xiaoqi Huang , Haolan Kang , Guangping Bai , Xianzheng Ma

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have received significant attention in recent years in the robotics community. VLMs are shown to be able to perform complex visual reasoning and scene understanding tasks, which makes them regarded as a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Siyuan Huang , Haonan Chang , Yuhan Liu , Yimeng Zhu , Hao Dong , Peng Gao , Abdeslam Boularias , Hongsheng Li

Open-vocabulary mobile manipulation (OVMM) that involves the handling of novel and unseen objects across different workspaces remains a significant challenge for real-world robotic applications. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shen Tan , Dong Zhou , Xiangyu Shao , Junqiao Wang , Guanghui Sun

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate their promise in tackling complicated practical challenges by combining action-based policies with chain of thought (CoT) reasoning. Having high-quality prompts on hand, however, is vital to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Xue Yan , Yan Song , Xinyu Cui , Filippos Christianos , Haifeng Zhang , David Henry Mguni , Jun Wang

This paper presents an improved system based on our prior work, designed to create explanations for autonomous robot actions during Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Previously, we developed a system that used Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

In autoregressive (AR) image generation, models based on the 'next-token prediction' paradigm of LLMs have shown comparable performance to diffusion models by reducing inductive biases. However, directly applying LLMs to complex image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Miaomiao Cai , Guanjie Wang , Wei Li , Zhijun Tu , Hanting Chen , Shaohui Lin , Jie Hu

Autonomous exploration and object search in unknown indoor environments remain challenging for multi-robot systems (MRS). Traditional approaches often rely on greedy frontier assignment strategies with limited inter-robot coordination. In…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Ruiyang Wang , Hao-Lun Hsu , David Hunt , Jiwoo Kim , Shaocheng Luo , Miroslav Pajic

Prompt learning is a new learning paradigm which reformulates downstream tasks as similar pretraining tasks on pretrained models by leveraging textual prompts. Recent works have demonstrated that prompt learning is particularly useful for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Yue Zhang , Hongliang Fei , Dingcheng Li , Tan Yu , Ping Li

Robots are increasingly being used in dynamic environments like workplaces, hospitals, and homes. As a result, interactions with robots must be simple and intuitive, with robots perception adapting efficiently to human-induced changes. This…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Simone Colombani , Luca Brini , Dimitri Ognibene , Giuseppe Boccignone

Robot manipulation relies on accurately predicting contact points and end-effector directions to ensure successful operation. However, learning-based robot manipulation, trained on a limited category within a simulator, often struggles to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Xiaoqi Li , Mingxu Zhang , Yiran Geng , Haoran Geng , Yuxing Long , Yan Shen , Renrui Zhang , Jiaming Liu , Hao Dong

In the rapidly evolving landscape of human-computer interaction, the integration of vision capabilities into conversational agents stands as a crucial advancement. This paper presents an initial implementation of a dialogue manager that…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Giulio Antonio Abbo , Tony Belpaeme

Long-horizon robotic manipulation requires dense feedback that reflects how a task advances through its procedural stages, not merely whether the final outcome is successful. Existing reward models often rely on trajectory-level success…

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