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Broad textual understanding and in-context learning require language models that utilize full document contexts. Due to the implementation challenges associated with directly training long-context models, many methods have been proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Yi Lu , Jing Nathan Yan , Songlin Yang , Justin T. Chiu , Siyu Ren , Fei Yuan , Wenting Zhao , Zhiyong Wu , Alexander M. Rush

Recently, Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP). Pretrained LLMs, due to limited training context size, struggle with handling long token sequences, limiting their performance on various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Haoran Lian , Junmin Chen , Wei Huang , Yizhe Xiong , Wenping Hu , Guiguang Ding , Hui Chen , Jianwei Niu , Zijia Lin , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang

Embedding models play a pivot role in modern NLP applications such as IR and RAG. While the context limit of LLMs has been pushed beyond 1 million tokens, embedding models are still confined to a narrow context window not exceeding 8k…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Dawei Zhu , Liang Wang , Nan Yang , Yifan Song , Wenhao Wu , Furu Wei , Sujian Li

Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yansheng Mao , Yufei Xu , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Zilong Zheng , Xiyuan Wang , Muhan Zhang

Built upon the Transformer, large language models (LLMs) have captured worldwide attention due to their remarkable abilities. Nevertheless, all Transformer-based models including LLMs suffer from a preset length limit and can hardly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Liang Zhao , Xiachong Feng , Xiaocheng Feng , Weihong Zhong , Dongliang Xu , Qing Yang , Hongtao Liu , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large language models suffer issues when operated on long contexts that are larger than their training context length due to the standard position encoding for tokens in the attention layer. Tokens a long distance apart will rarely have an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Phat Thanh Dang , Saahil Thoppay , Wang Yang , Qifan Wang , Vipin Chaudhary , Xiaotian Han

This paper introduces a novel approach to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in processing and understanding extensive text sequences, a critical aspect in applications requiring deep comprehension and synthesis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Kaiqiang Song , Xiaoyang Wang , Sangwoo Cho , Xiaoman Pan , Dong Yu

Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT) for long context modeling, a novel framework that enhances LLM performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Yansheng Mao , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Jing Xiong , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

Longitudinal NLP tasks require reasoning over temporally ordered text to detect persistence and change in human behavior and opinions. However, in-context learning with large language models struggles on tasks where models must integrate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Iqra Ali , Talia Tseriotou , Mahmud Elahi Akhter , Yuxiang Zhou , Maria Liakata

Effectively handling instructions with extremely long context remains a challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), typically necessitating high-quality long data and substantial computational resources. This paper introduces Step-Skipping…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Wenhao Wu , Yizhong Wang , Yao Fu , Xiang Yue , Dawei Zhu , Sujian Li

Recently, many methods have been developed to extend the context length of pre-trained large language models (LLMs), but they often require fine-tuning at the target length ($\gg4K$) and struggle to effectively utilize information from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Tong Wu , Yanpeng Zhao , Zilong Zheng

We study continued training and supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of a language model (LM) to make effective use of long-context information. We first establish a reliable evaluation protocol to guide model development -- instead of perplexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Tianyu Gao , Alexander Wettig , Howard Yen , Danqi Chen

Large language models (LLMs) experience significant performance degradation when the input exceeds the pretraining context window, primarily due to the out-of-distribution (OOD) behavior of Rotary Position Embedding (RoPE). Recent studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Sikui Zhang , Guangze Gao , Ziyun Gan , Chunfeng Yuan , Zefeng Lin , Houwen Peng , Bing Li , Weiming Hu

Addressing the limitation of context length in large language models for code-related tasks is the primary focus of this paper. Existing LLMs are constrained by their pre-trained context lengths, leading to performance issues in handling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Zhi Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved substantial progress in processing long contexts but still struggle with long-context reasoning. Existing approaches typically involve fine-tuning LLMs with synthetic data, which depends on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Siheng Li , Cheng Yang , Zesen Cheng , Lemao Liu , Mo Yu , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

LongRoPE2 is a novel approach that extends the effective context window of pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to the target length, while preserving the performance on the original shorter context window. This is achieved by three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Ning Shang , Li Lyna Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Gaokai Zhang , Gilsinia Lopez , Fan Yang , Weizhu Chen , Mao Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to process and generate coherent context when the number of input tokens exceeds the pre-trained length. Recent advancements in long-context extension have significantly expanded the context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Yi Lu , Wanxu Zhao , Xin Zhou , Chenxin An , Chenglong Wang , Shuo Li , Yuming Yang , Jun Zhao , Tao Ji , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

We present Position Interpolation (PI) that extends the context window sizes of RoPE-based pretrained LLMs such as LLaMA models to up to 32768 with minimal fine-tuning (within 1000 steps), while demonstrating strong empirical results on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Shouyuan Chen , Sherman Wong , Liangjian Chen , Yuandong Tian

Long-context capabilities are essential for a wide range of applications, including document and video understanding, in-context learning, and inference-time scaling, all of which require models to process and reason over long sequences of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Chejian Xu , Wei Ping , Peng Xu , Zihan Liu , Boxin Wang , Mohammad Shoeybi , Bo Li , Bryan Catanzaro

We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen