Related papers: A study of $4-$cycle systems
In this monography, it is proposed to consider the concepts of spectra of edge cuts and edge cycles of a graph as a basic mathematical structure for solving the problem of graph isomorphism. An edge cut is defined by an edge and the…
Piecewise smooth systems are intensively studied today in many application areas, such as economics, finance, engineering, biology, and ecology. In this work, we consider a class of one-dimensional piecewise linear discontinuous maps with a…
The number of maximal independent sets of the n-cycle graph C_n is known to be the nth term of the Perrin sequence. The action of the automorphism group of C_n on the family of these maximal independent sets partitions this family into…
We introduce a new decomposition of a graphs into quasi-4-connected components, where we call a graph quasi-4-connected if it is 3-connected and it only has separations of order 3 that remove a single vertex. Moreover, we give a cubic time…
We show that every quadrangulation of the sphere can be transformed into a $4$-cycle by deletions of degree-$2$ vertices and by $t$-contractions at degree-$3$ vertices. A $t$-contraction simultaneously contracts all incident edges at a…
A Hamilton cycle is a cycle containing every vertex of a graph. A graph is called Hamiltonian if it contains a Hamilton cycle. The Hamilton cycle problem is to find the sufficient and necessary condition that a graph is Hamiltonian. In this…
It is a longstanding conjecture that every simple drawing of a complete graph on $n \geq 3$ vertices contains a crossing-free Hamiltonian cycle. We strengthen this conjecture to "there exists a crossing-free Hamiltonian path between each…
A vertex subset S of a graph G is said to 2-dominate the graph if each vertex not in S has at least two neighbors in it. As usual, the associated parameter is the minimum cardinal of a 2-dominating set, which is called the 2-domination…
An even-cycle decomposition of a graph G is a partition of E(G) into cycles of even length. Evidently, every Eulerian bipartite graph has an even-cycle decomposition. Seymour (1981) proved that every 2-connected loopless Eulerian planar…
We consider families of planar polynomial vector fields of degree $n$ and study the cyclicity of a type of unbounded polycycle~$\Gamma$ called hemicycle. Compactified to the Poincar\'e disc,~$\Gamma$ consists of an affine straight line…
An oriented graph is a digraph that contains no 2-cycles, i.e., there is at most one arc between any two vertices. We show that every oriented graph $G$ of sufficiently large order $n$ with $\mathrm{deg}^+(x) +\mathrm{deg}^{-}(y)\geq…
An $H$-decomposition of $G$ is a partition of the edge-set of $G$ into subsets, where each subset induces a copy of the graph $H$. A $k$-orthogonal $H$-decomposition of a graph $G$ is a set of $k$ $H$-decompositions of $G$, such that any…
A hole in a graph is a chordless cycle of length at least 4. A theta is a graph formed by three internally vertex-disjoint paths of length at least 2 between the same pair of distinct vertices. A wheel is a graph formed by a hole and a node…
A graph $G$ is called matching covered if all of its edges are contained in some perfect matching of $G$. Furthermore, a cycle $C \subseteq G$ is called conformal if $G - V(C)$ has a perfect matching and $G$ itself is called cycle-conformal…
An edge-weighting of a graph is called vertex-coloring if the weighted degrees yield a proper vertex coloring of the graph. It is conjectured that for every graph without isolated edge, a vertex-coloring edge-weighting with the set {1,2,3}…
A corner in a map is an edge-vertex-edge triple consisting of two distinct edges incident to the same vertex. A corneration is a set of corners that covers every arc of the map exactly once. Cornerations in a dart-transitive map generalize…
Consider a connected graph $G$ and let $T$ be a spanning tree of $G$. Every edge $e \in G-T$ induces a cycle in $T \cup \{e\}$. The intersection of two distinct such cycles is the set of edges of $T$ that belong to both cycles. The MSTCI…
The family of graphs of reduced words of a certain subcollection of permutations in the union $\cup_{n\geq 4}\frak{S}_{n}$ of symmetic groups is investigated. The subcollection is characterised by the hook cycle type $(n-2,1,1)$ with…
A book representation of a graph is a particular way of embedding a graph in three dimensional space so that the vertices lie on a circle and the edges are chords on disjoint topological disks. We describe a set of operations on book…
The subpath number of a graph G is defined as the total number of subpaths in G, and it is closely related to the number of subtrees, a well-studied topic in graph theory. This paper is a continuation of our previous paper [5], where we…