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Interaction of supernova (SN) ejecta with the optically thick circumstellar medium (CSM) of a progenitor star can result in a bright, long-lived shock breakout event. Candidates for such SNe include Type IIn and superluminous SNe. If some…

Here we present new - and, nevertheless, last - mid-infrared (mid-IR) data for supernovae (SNe) based on measurements with the Spitzer Space Telescope. Comparing our recent 3.6 and 4.5 $\mu$m photometry with previously published mid-IR and…

The dominant mechanism and time scales over which stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) progenitor stars shed their hydrogen envelopes are uncertain. Observations of Type Ib and Ic SNe at late phases could reveal the optical signatures of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Jon C. Mauerhan , Alexei V. Filippenko , Weikang Zheng , Thomas Brink , Melissa L. Graham , Isaac Shivvers , Kelsey Clubb

Numerous core-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) exhibit signatures of interaction with circumstellar material (CSM). Bright radio emission years after the SN is one such indication of dense CSM at large distances from the star, which may be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-13 Samantha C. Wu , Daichi Tsuna

We present numerical simulations that include 1-D Eulerian multi-group radiation-hydrodynamics, 1-D non-LTE radiative transfer, and 2-D polarised radiative transfer for super-luminous interacting supernovae (SNe). Our reference model is a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Luc Dessart , Edouard Audit , D. John Hillier

Stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe), including Type IIb, Ib, and Ic supernovae (SNe), originate from the explosions of massive stars whose outer envelopes have been largely removed during their lifetimes. The main stripping mechanism for…

Multiwavelength observations have revealed that dense, confined circumstellar material (CCSM) commonly exists in the vicinity of supernova (SN) progenitors, suggesting enhanced mass losses years to centuries before their core collapse.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-15 Kohta Murase

Type Icn supernovae (SNe Icn) are a newly detected rare subtype of interacting stripped-envelope supernovae which show narrow P-Cygni lines of highly ionized carbon, oxygen, and neon in their early spectra due to the interactions of the SNe…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-14 Chengyuan Wu , Shuai Zha , Yongzhi Cai , Zhengyang Zhang , Yi Yang , Danfeng Xiang , Weili Lin , Xiaofeng Wang , Bo Wang

Supernovae (SNe) with strong interactions with circumstellar material (CSM) are promising candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos and gamma rays, and have been suggested as an important contributor to Galactic cosmic rays beyond 1 PeV.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-27 Kohta Murase , Anna Franckowiak , Keiichi Maeda , Raffaella Margutti , John F. Beacom

Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) are a mysterious class of transients whose spectra exhibit persistently narrow HeI lines, and whose bolometric light curves are typically fast evolving and overluminous at peak relative to standard Type Ibc SNe. We…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Luc Dessart , John Hillier , Hanindyo Kuncarayakti

Recently, a hydrogen-poor superluminous supernova (SLSN) iPTF15esb at redshift $z=0.224$ was reported, whose light curve (LC) and spectrum show several unusual characteristics. Its late-time spectrum shows a strong, broad H$\alpha $…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-07 Liang-Duan Liu , Ling-Jun Wang , Shan-Qin Wang , Zi-Gao Dai

Interaction between supernova (SN) ejecta and dense circumstellar medium (CSM) with a flat density structure ($\rho \propto r^{-s}, s < 1.5$) was recently proposed as a possible mechanism behind interacting SNe that exhibit exceptionally…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-07 Ryotaro Chiba , Takashi J. Moriya

We present our observations of SN 2010mb, a Type Ic SN lacking spectroscopic signatures of H and He. SN 2010mb has a slowly-declining light curve ($\sim600\,$days) that cannot be powered by $^{56}$Ni/$^{56}$Co radioactivity, the common…

We present HST WFC3/UVIS F275W near-UV imaging of 91stripped-envelope supernovae (SE SNe; Types IIb, Ib, Ic) from Snapshot program SNAP-16657, observed at phases of 270-1845 days (median 952 days) after first optical detection. We detect UV…

Early interaction of supernova blast waves with CSM has the potential to accelerate particles to PeV energies, although this has not yet been detected. Current models for this interaction assume the shock expands into a smooth stellar wind,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-04 Robert Brose , Iurii Sushch , Jonathan Mackey , Maria Arias

We present generalized supernova (SN) light curve (LC) models for a variety of power inputs. We provide an expression for the power input that is produced by self-similar forward and reverse shocks in SN ejecta - circumstellar matter (CSM)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-03 Emmanouil Chatzopoulos , J. Craig Wheeler , Jozsef Vinko

Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) arise from the thermonuclear explosion in binary systems involving carbon-oxygen white dwarfs (WDs). The pathway of WDs acquiring mass may produce circumstellar material (CSM). Observing SNe Ia within a few hours…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-15 Maokai Hu , Lifan Wang , Xiaofeng Wang , Lingzhi Wang

In a substantial number of core-collapse supernovae, early-time interaction indicates a dense circumstellar medium (CSM) that may be produced by outbursts from the progenitor star. Wave-driven mass loss is a possible mechanism to produce…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-12 Samantha Wu , Jim Fuller

We propose a model for dust formation in Type II supernovae (SNe) interacting with confined circumstellar material (CSM), motivated by recent time-domain surveys that have revealed a substantial fraction of SN progenitors to be surrounded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-05 Yuki Takei , Kunihito Ioka , Masaru Shibata

Stripped-envelope supernovae (SNe) are H-poor transients produced at the end of the life of massive stars that previously lost their H-rich envelope. Their progenitors are thought to be donor stars in mass-transferring binary systems, which…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-25 Andrea Ercolino , Harim Jin , Norbert Langer , Luc Dessart