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Defense strategies have been well studied to combat Byzantine attacks that aim to disrupt cooperative spectrum sensing by sending falsified versions of spectrum sensing data to a fusion center. However, existing studies usually assume…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-07-30 Zhengping Luo , Shangqing Zhao , Zhuo Lu , Jie Xu , Yalin E. Sagduyu

With the ever-changing landscape of cyber threats, identifying their origin has become paramount, surpassing the simple task of attack classification. Cyber threat attribution gives security analysts the insights they need to device…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rimsha Kanwal , Umara Noor , Zafar Iqbal , Zahid Rashid

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Haupt , Benedict Bender , Benjamin Fabian , Stefan Lessmann

Email threat is a serious issue for enterprise security. The threat can be in various malicious forms, such as phishing, fraud, blackmail and malvertisement. The traditional anti-spam gateway often maintains a greylist to filter out…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Peilun Wu , Hui Guo

Anomalies in emails such as phishing and spam present major security risks such as the loss of privacy, money, and brand reputation to both individuals and organizations. Previous studies on email anomaly detection relied on a single type…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Craig Beaman , Haruna Isah

The email is used daily by millions of people to communicate around the globe and it is a mission-critical application for many businesses. Over the last decade, unsolicited bulk email has become a major problem for email users. An…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-10-15 Carlos M. Lorenzetti , Rocío L. Cecchini , Ana G. Maguitman , András A. Benczúr

Modern AI systems lack a way to express and enforce requirements. Pre-training produces intelligence, and post-training optimizes preferences, but neither guarantees that models reliably satisfy explicit, context-dependent constraints. This…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-18 David Ball

The problem of detecting phishing emails through machine learning techniques has been discussed extensively in the literature. Conventional and state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms have demonstrated the possibility of building…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Luis Felipe Gutiérrez , Faranak Abri , Miriam Armstrong , Akbar Siami Namin , Keith S. Jones

Targeted phishing emails are on the rise and facilitate the theft of billions of dollars from organizations a year. While malicious signals from attached files or malicious URLs in emails can be detected by conventional malware signatures…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Younghoo Lee , Joshua Saxe , Richard Harang

Detection of malicious activities in corporate environments is a very complex task and much effort has been invested into research of its automation. However, vast majority of existing methods operate only in a narrow scope which limits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Jan Kohout , Čeněk Škarda , Kyrylo Shcherbin , Martin Kopp , Jan Brabec

Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Kazem Taghandiki

Spear Phishing is a harmful cyber-attack facing business and individuals worldwide. Considerable research has been conducted recently into the use of Machine Learning (ML) techniques to detect spear-phishing emails. ML-based solutions may…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Keelan Evans , Alsharif Abuadbba , Tingmin Wu , Kristen Moore , Mohiuddin Ahmed , Ganna Pogrebna , Surya Nepal , Mike Johnstone

Phishing attacks have become a serious and challenging issue for detection, explanation, and defense. Despite more than a decade of research on phishing, encompassing both technical and non-technical remedies, phishing continues to be a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Van Nguyen , Tingmin Wu , Xingliang Yuan , Marthie Grobler , Surya Nepal , Carsten Rudolph

In the pursuit of an effective spam detection system, the focus has often been on identifying known spam patterns either through rule-based detection systems or machine learning (ML) solutions that rely on keywords. However, both systems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Sachin Shukla , Omid Mirzaei

Classic approaches to content moderation typically apply a rule-based heuristic approach to flag content. While rules are easily customizable and intuitive for humans to interpret, they are inherently fragile and lack the flexibility or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Christopher Clarke , Matthew Hall , Gaurav Mittal , Ye Yu , Sandra Sajeev , Jason Mars , Mei Chen

Identifying deceptive content like phishing emails demands sophisticated cognitive processes that combine pattern recognition, confidence assessment, and contextual analysis. This research examines how human cognition and machine learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Paras Jain , Khushi Dhar , Olyemi E. Amujo , Esa M. Rantanen

Email spam detection is a critical task in modern communication systems, essential for maintaining productivity, security, and user experience. Traditional machine learning and deep learning approaches, while effective in static settings,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Ghazaleh SHirvani , Saeid Ghasemshirazi

Traditional security detection methods face three key challenges: inadequate data collection that misses critical security events, resource-intensive monitoring systems, and poor detection algorithms with high false positive rates. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Limin Wang , Lei Bu , Muzimiao Zhang , Shihong Cang , Kai Ye

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is increasingly favored for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently, but it depends on heterogeneous compute and memory resources. These factors jointly affect system Cost, Accuracy,…

The sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is increasingly favored for scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) efficiently, but it depends on heterogeneous compute and memory resources. These factors jointly affect system Cost, Accuracy,…