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Current quantum computers are limited in the number of qubits and coherence time, constraining the algorithms executable with sufficient fidelity. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an algorithm to find an approximate ground state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-24 Luca Erhart , Kosuke Mitarai , Wataru Mizukami , Keisuke Fujii

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE), as a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm, is an important tool for effective quantum computing in the current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era. However, the traditional hardware-efficient…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-11-20 Shaohui Yao , Wenyu Wang

Finding the ground-state energy of molecules is an important and challenging computational problem for which quantum computing can potentially find efficient solutions. The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a quantum algorithm that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Daniel Yoffe , Amir Natan , Adi Makmal

As quantum computing progresses, variational quantum eigensolvers (VQE) for ground-state preparation have become an attractive option in leveraging current quantum hardware. However, a major challenge in implementing VQE is understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Juhi Singh , Andreas Kruckenhauser , Rick van Bijnen , Robert Zeier

Ab initio electronic excited state calculations are necessary for the quantitative study of photochemical reactions, but their accurate computation on classical computers is plagued by prohibitive scaling. The Variational Quantum Deflation…

The ground state search problem is central to quantum computing, with applications spanning quantum chemistry, condensed matter physics, and optimization. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) has shown promise for small systems but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Alexander Holden , Moinul Hossain Rahat , Nii Osae Osae Dade

We present a quantum information-inspired ansatz for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) and demonstrate its efficacy in calculating ground-state energies of atomic systems. Instead of adopting a heuristic approach, we start with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-19 Abdul Kalam , Prasenjit Deb , Akitada Sakurai , B. K. Sahoo , V. S. Prasannaa , B. P. Das

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for quantum simulation that can be run on near-term quantum hardware. A challenge in VQE -- as well as any other heuristic algorithm for finding ground states…

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical algorithm for preparing ground states in the current era of noisy devices. The classical component of the algorithm requires a large number of measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-27 Akib Karim , Shaobo Zhang , Muhammad Usman

Variational-Quantum-Eigensolver (VQE) method has been known as the method of chemical calculation using quantum computers and classical computers. This method also can derive the energy levels of excited states by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Hikaru Wakaura , Takao Tomono

In the noisy-intermediate-scale-quantum era, Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a promising method to study ground state properties in quantum chemistry, materials science, and condensed physics. However, general quantum eigensolvers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-27 Yusen Wu , Zigeng Huang , Jinzhao Sun , Xiao Yuan , Jingbo B. Wang , Dingshun Lv

Electronic excited states of molecules are central to many physical and chemical processes, and yet they are typically more difficult to compute than ground states. In this paper we leverage the advantages of quantum computers to develop an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-09 Yuchen Wang , David A. Mazziotti

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is an attracting possible application of near-term quantum computers. Originally, the aim of the VQE is to find a ground state for a given specific Hamiltonian. It is achieved by minimizing the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-30 Kosuke Mitarai , Tennin Yan , Keisuke Fujii

The Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and they can be used in the Nosiy Intermadiate Scale Quantum (NISQ) devises. The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) was suggested as a first VQA. VQE is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-09 Murat Kurt , Ayda Kaltehei , Selçuk Çakmak , Azmi Gençten

This work explores the application of the concurrent variational quantum eigensolver (cVQE) for computing excited states of the Schwinger model. By designing suitable ansatz circuits utilizing universal SO(4) or SO(8) qubit gates, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Yibin Guo , Takis Angelides , Karl Jansen , Stefan Kühn

Reflecting the increasing interest in quantum computing, the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) has attracted much attentions as a possible application of near-term quantum computers. Although the VQE has often been applied to quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Yasutaka Nishida , Fumihiko Aiga

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is one of the most promising algorithms to find eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a given Hamiltonian on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices. A particular application is to obtain ground…

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid quantum-classical variational algorithm that produces an upper-bound estimate of the ground-state energy of a Hamiltonian. As quantum computers become more powerful and go beyond the…

The ground and excited state calculations at key geometries, such as the Frank-Condon (FC) and the conical intersection (CI) geometries, are essential for understanding photophysical properties. To compute these geometries on noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-02 Shigeki Gocho , Hajime Nakamura , Shu Kanno , Qi Gao , Takao Kobayashi , Taichi Inagaki , Miho Hatanaka

The calculation of excited state energies of electronic structure Hamiltonians has many important applications, such as the calculation of optical spectra and reaction rates. While low-depth quantum algorithms, such as the variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-03 Oscar Higgott , Daochen Wang , Stephen Brierley