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Radars and cameras are mature, cost-effective, and robust sensors and have been widely used in the perception stack of mass-produced autonomous driving systems. Due to their complementary properties, outputs from radar detection (radar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Xu Dong , Binnan Zhuang , Yunxiang Mao , Langechuan Liu

Comprehensive perception of the environment is crucial for the safe operation of autonomous vehicles. However, the perception capabilities of autonomous vehicles are limited due to occlusions, limited sensor ranges, or environmental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Sven Teufel , Jörg Gamerdinger , Georg Volk , Oliver Bringmann

Panoptic segmentation, which combines instance and semantic segmentation, has gained a lot of attention in autonomous vehicles, due to its comprehensive representation of the scene. This task can be applied for cameras and LiDAR sensors,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Fardin Ayar , Ehsan Javanmardi , Manabu Tsukada , Mahdi Javanmardi , Mohammad Rahmati

We propose a method for automated synchronization of vehicle sensors useful for the study of multi-modal driver behavior and for the design of advanced driver assistance systems. Multi-sensor decision fusion relies on synchronized data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-03-02 Lex Fridman , Daniel E Brown , William Angell , Irman Abdić , Bryan Reimer , Hae Young Noh

Outside of urban hubs, autonomous cars and trucks have to master driving on intercity highways. Safe, long-distance highway travel at speeds exceeding 100 km/h demands perception distances of at least 250 m, which is about five times the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Edoardo Palladin , Samuel Brucker , Filippo Ghilotti , Praveen Narayanan , Mario Bijelic , Felix Heide

Reliable perception is essential for autonomous driving systems to operate safely under diverse real-world traffic conditions. However, camera- and LiDAR-based perception systems suffer from performance degradation under adverse weather and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yue Sun , Yeqiang Qian , Zhe Wang , Tianhui Li , Chunxiang Wang , Ming Yang

Robust environment perception for autonomous vehicles is a tremendous challenge, which makes a diverse sensor set with e.g. camera, lidar and radar crucial. In the process of understanding the recorded sensor data, 3D semantic segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Hannah Schieber , Fabian Duerr , Torsten Schoen , Jürgen Beyerer

Multimodal sensor fusion methods for 3D object detection have been revolutionizing the autonomous driving research field. Nevertheless, most of these methods heavily rely on dense LiDAR data and accurately calibrated sensors which is often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Maciej K. Wozniak , Viktor Karefjards , Marko Thiel , Patric Jensfelt

Current crowd-counting models often rely on single-modal inputs, such as visual images or wireless signal data, which can result in significant information loss and suboptimal recognition performance. To address these shortcomings, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Zhe Cui , Yuli Li , Le-Nam Tran

Camera and radar sensors have significant advantages in cost, reliability, and maintenance compared to LiDAR. Existing fusion methods often fuse the outputs of single modalities at the result-level, called the late fusion strategy. This can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Youngseok Kim , Sanmin Kim , Jun Won Choi , Dongsuk Kum

In autonomous driving, perception systems are piv otal as they interpret sensory data to understand the envi ronment, which is essential for decision-making and planning. Ensuring the safety of these perception systems is fundamental for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Urvishkumar Bharti , Vikram Shahapur

Inspired by the fact that humans use diverse sensory organs to perceive the world, sensors with different modalities are deployed in end-to-end driving to obtain the global context of the 3D scene. In previous works, camera and LiDAR inputs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Qingwen Zhang , Mingkai Tang , Ruoyu Geng , Feiyi Chen , Ren Xin , Lujia Wang

In image fusion, images obtained from different sensors are fused to generate a single image with enhanced information. In recent years, state-of-the-art methods have adopted Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) to encode meaningful features…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Vibashan VS , Jeya Maria Jose Valanarasu , Poojan Oza , Vishal M. Patel

We present an end-to-end method for object detection and trajectory prediction utilizing multi-view representations of LiDAR returns and camera images. In this work, we recognize the strengths and weaknesses of different view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Sudeep Fadadu , Shreyash Pandey , Darshan Hegde , Yi Shi , Fang-Chieh Chou , Nemanja Djuric , Carlos Vallespi-Gonzalez

Collaborative object localization aims to collaboratively estimate locations of objects observed from multiple views or perspectives, which is a critical ability for multi-agent systems such as connected vehicles. To enable collaborative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Peng Gao , Rui Guo , Hongsheng Lu , Hao Zhang

In self-driving applications, LiDAR data provides accurate information about distances in 3D but lacks the semantic richness of camera data. Therefore, state-of-the-art methods for perception in urban scenes fuse data from both sensor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Royden Wagner , Marvin Klemp , Carlos Fernandez Lopez

In this paper, we propose an accurate and robust perception module for Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) for drivable space extraction. Perception is crucial in autonomous driving, where many deep learning-based methods, while accurate on benchmark…

Infrastructure-based sensing and real-time trajectory generation show promise for improving safety in high-risk roadway segments such as work zones, yet practical deployments are hindered by perspective distortion, complex geometry,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Suhala Rabab Saba , Sakib Khan , Minhaj Uddin Ahmad , Jiahe Cao , Mizanur Rahman , Li Zhao , Nathan Huynh , Eren Erman Ozguven

Sensor fusion has become a popular topic in robotics. However, conventional fusion methods encounter many difficulties, such as data representation differences, sensor variations, and extrinsic calibration. For example, the calibration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Shuyi Zhou , Shuxiang Xie , Ryoichi Ishikawa , Ken Sakurada , Masaki Onishi , Takeshi Oishi

Camera and LiDAR serve as informative sensors for accurate and robust autonomous driving systems. However, these sensors often exhibit heterogeneous natures, resulting in distributional modality gaps that present significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yiran Yang , Xu Gao , Tong Wang , Xin Hao , Yifeng Shi , Xiao Tan , Xiaoqing Ye , Jingdong Wang