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Given the black-box nature and complexity of large transformer language models (LM), concerns about generalizability and robustness present ethical implications for domains such as hate speech (HS) detection. Using the content rich Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jennifer L. Chen , Faisal Ladhak , Daniel Li , Noémie Elhadad

Large language models (LLMs) excel in many diverse applications beyond language generation, e.g., translation, summarization, and sentiment analysis. One intriguing application is in text classification. This becomes pertinent in the realm…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Tharindu Kumarage , Amrita Bhattacharjee , Joshua Garland

The pervasive spread of misinformation and disinformation in social media underscores the critical importance of detecting media bias. While robust Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as foundational tools for bias prediction,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Luyang Lin , Lingzhi Wang , Jinsong Guo , Kam-Fai Wong

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

As machine learning methods are deployed in real-world settings such as healthcare, legal systems, and social science, it is crucial to recognize how they shape social biases and stereotypes in these sensitive decision-making processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Paul Pu Liang , Chiyu Wu , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Bias mitigation approaches reduce models' dependence on sensitive features of data, such as social group tokens (SGTs), resulting in equal predictions across the sensitive features. In hate speech detection, however, equalizing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Ali Omrani , Brendan Kennedy , Mohammad Atari , Xiang Ren , Morteza Dehghani

Social bias is shaped by the accumulation of social perceptions towards targets across various demographic identities. To fully understand such social bias in large language models (LLMs), it is essential to consider the composite of social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Jisu Shin , Hoyun Song , Huije Lee , Soyeong Jeong , Jong C. Park

Sociodemographic bias in language models (LMs) has the potential for harm when deployed in real-world settings. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the past decade of research on sociodemographic bias in LMs, organized into a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau

In the evolving landscape of online communication, hate speech detection remains a formidable challenge, further compounded by the diversity of digital platforms. This study investigates the effectiveness and adaptability of pre-trained and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Ahmad Nasir , Aadish Sharma , Kokil Jaidka , Saifuddin Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised increasing concerns about their misuse in generating hate speech. Among all the efforts to address this issue, hate speech detectors play a crucial role. However, the effectiveness of different…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Xinyue Shen , Yixin Wu , Yiting Qu , Michael Backes , Savvas Zannettou , Yang Zhang

The use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has proven to be a tool that could help in the automatic detection of sexism. Previous studies have shown that these models contain biases that do not accurately reflect reality, especially for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Judith Tavarez-Rodríguez , Fernando Sánchez-Vega , A. Pastor López-Monroy

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit societal biases from their training data, potentially leading to harmful or unfair outputs. While various techniques aim to mitigate these biases, their effects are often evaluated only along the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shireen Chand , Faith Baca , Emilio Ferrara

Commercial Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently incorporated memory features to deliver personalised responses. This memory retains details such as user demographics and individual characteristics, allowing LLMs to adjust their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Paloma Piot , Patricia Martín-Rodilla , Javier Parapar

Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a lucrative promise for scalable content moderation, including hate speech detection. However, they are also known to be brittle and biased against marginalised communities and dialects. This requires…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Ananya Malik , Kartik Sharma , Shaily Bhatt , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

Large-scale web-scraped text corpora used to train general-purpose AI models often contain harmful demographic-targeted social biases, creating a regulatory need for data auditing and developing scalable bias-detection methods. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Ayan Majumdar , Feihao Chen , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Large Language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have gained popularity in recent years with the advancement of Natural Language Processing (NLP), with use cases spanning many disciplines and daily lives as well. LLMs inherit explicit and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Fatima Kazi

Hate speech has emerged as a major problem plaguing our social spaces today. While there have been significant efforts to address this problem, existing methods are still significantly limited in effectively detecting hate speech online. A…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Keyan Guo , Alexander Hu , Jaden Mu , Ziheng Shi , Ziming Zhao , Nishant Vishwamitra , Hongxin Hu

Human biases have been shown to influence the performance of models and algorithms in various fields, including Natural Language Processing. While the study of this phenomenon is garnering focus in recent years, the available resources are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Ana Sofia Evans , Helena Moniz , Luísa Coheur

We investigate the efficacy of Large Language Models (LLMs) in detecting implicit and explicit hate speech, examining how models with minimal safety alignment (uncensored) compare with more heavily aligned (censored) counterparts in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sanjeeevan Selvaganapathy , Mehwish Nasim
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