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The introduction of large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and Google Palm2 for smart contract generation seems to be the first well-established instance of an AI pair programmer. LLMs have access to a large number of open-source smart…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Rabimba Karanjai , Edward Li , Lei Xu , Weidong Shi

Safety-critical systems are engineered systems whose failure or malfunction could result in catastrophic consequences. The software development for safety-critical systems necessitates rigorous engineering practices and adherence to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Malik Muhammad Umer

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been gaining increasing attention and demonstrated promising performance across a variety of Software Engineering (SE) tasks, such as Automated Program Repair (APR), code summarization, and code completion.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Quanjun Zhang , Tongke Zhang , Juan Zhai , Chunrong Fang , Bowen Yu , Weisong Sun , Zhenyu Chen

It is now common practice in software development for large language models (LLMs) to be used to generate program code. It is desirable to evaluate the robustness of LLMs for this usage. This paper is concerned in particular with how…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Debalina Ghosh Paul , Hong Zhu , Ian Bayley

The progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT raises the question of how they can be integrated into education. One hope is that they can support mathematics learning, including word-problem solving. Since LLMs can handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Anselm R. Strohmaier , Wim Van Dooren , Kathrin Seßler , Brian Greer , Lieven Verschaffel

Compiler error messages serve as an initial resource for programmers dealing with compilation errors. However, previous studies indicate that they often lack sufficient targeted information to resolve code issues. Consequently, programmers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Patricia Widjojo , Christoph Treude

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen

The evolution of Generative AI and the capabilities of the newly released Large Language Models (LLMs) open new opportunities in software engineering. However, they also lead to new challenges in cybersecurity. Recently, researchers have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Mika Beckerich , Laura Plein , Sergio Coronado

Having a clean dataset has been the foundational assumption of most natural language processing (NLP) systems. However, properly written text is rarely found in real-world scenarios and hence, oftentimes invalidates the aforementioned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Ayush Singh , Navpreet Singh , Shubham Vatsal

Large language models (LLMs) providing generative AI have become popular to support software engineers in creating, summarizing, optimizing, and documenting source code. It is still unknown how LLMs can support control engineers using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Heiko Koziolek , Sten Gruener , Virendra Ashiwal

Large Language Models (LLMs) are gaining momentum in software development with prompt-driven programming enabling developers to create code from natural language (NL) instructions. However, studies have questioned their ability to produce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Catherine Tony , Nicolás E. Díaz Ferreyra , Markus Mutas , Salem Dhiff , Riccardo Scandariato

The security of code generated by large language models (LLMs) is a significant concern, as studies indicate that such code often contains vulnerabilities and lacks essential defensive programming constructs. This work focuses on examining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Muhammad Usman Shahid , Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed , Rajiv Ranjan

Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, Copilot, Gemini, and DeepSeek are transforming software engineering by automating key tasks, including code generation, testing, and debugging. As these models become integral to development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Everton Guimaraes , Nathalia Nascimento , Chandan Shivalingaiah , Asish Nelapati

This research article critically examines the potential risks and implications arising from the malicious utilization of large language models(LLM), focusing specifically on ChatGPT and Google's Bard. Although these large language models…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-25 P. V. Sai Charan , Hrushikesh Chunduri , P. Mohan Anand , Sandeep K Shukla

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT and LLaMA, have significantly transformed Natural Language Processing (NLP) with their outstanding abilities in text generation, summarization, and classification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Md Nazmus Sakib , Md Athikul Islam , Royal Pathak , Md Mashrur Arifin

This study evaluates the security of web application code generated by Large Language Models, analyzing 2,500 GPT-4 generated PHP websites. These were deployed in Docker containers and tested for vulnerabilities using a hybrid approach of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Rebeka Tóth , Tamas Bisztray , László Erdodi

Recently, the ChatGPT LLM has received great attention: it can be used as a bot for discussing source code, prompting it to suggest changes, provide descriptions or even generate code. Typical demonstrations generally focus on existing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Haoye Tian , Weiqi Lu , Tsz On Li , Xunzhu Tang , Shing-Chi Cheung , Jacques Klein , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé

Testing web forms is an essential activity for ensuring the quality of web applications. It typically involves evaluating the interactions between users and forms. Automated test-case generation remains a challenge for web-form testing: Due…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tao Li , Chenhui Cui , Rubing Huang , Dave Towey , Lei Ma

Context: Due to the demand for strong algorithmic reasoning, complex logic implementation, and strict adherence to input/output formats and resource constraints, competitive programming generation by large language models (LLMs) is…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Minnan Wei , Ziming Li , Xiang Chen , Menglin Zheng , Ziyan Qu , Cheng Yu , Siyu Chen , Xiaolin Ju

Recent studies have adopted pre-trained language models, such as CodeT5 and CodeGPT, for automated program generation tasks like code generation, repair, and translation. Numerous language model-based approaches have been proposed and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yue Liu , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Yonghui Liu , Li Li