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LLM models are increasingly used to generate code, but the quality and security of this code are often uncertain. Several recent studies have raised alarm bells, indicating that such AI-generated code may be particularly vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Kobra Khanmohammadi , Pooria Roy , Raphael Khoury , Abdelwahab Hamou-Lhadj , Wilfried Patrick Konan

This paper explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) and in particular ChatGPT in programming, source code analysis, and code generation. LLMs and ChatGPT are built using machine learning and artificial intelligence techniques, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Ahmed R. Sadik , Antonello Ceravola , Frank Joublin , Jibesh Patra

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained widespread popularity due to their exceptional capabilities across various domains, including chatbots, healthcare, education, content generation, and automated support systems. However, developers…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Khairul Alam , Kartik Mittal , Banani Roy , Chanchal Roy

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for code generation. However, commercial models like ChatGPT require significant computing power, which leads to high energy use and carbon emissions. This has raised concerns about their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Humza Ashraf , Syed Muhammad Danish , Aris Leivadeas , Yazan Otoum , Zeeshan Sattar

In recent years, JavaScript has become the most widely used programming language, especially in web development. However, writing secure JavaScript code is not trivial, and programmers often make mistakes that lead to security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Tan Khang Le , Saba Alimadadi , Steven Y. Ko

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered remarkable advancements across diverse code-related tasks, known as Code LLMs, particularly in code generation that generates source code with LLM from natural language descriptions. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Juyong Jiang , Fan Wang , Jiasi Shen , Sungju Kim , Sunghun Kim

The use of generative AI-based coding assistants like ChatGPT and Github Copilot is a reality in contemporary software development. Many of these tools are provided as remote APIs. Using third-party APIs raises data privacy and security…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Negar Alizadeh , Boris Belchev , Nishant Saurabh , Patricia Kelbert , Fernando Castor

Recent research has explored the creation of questions from code submitted by students. These Questions about Learners' Code (QLCs) are created through program analysis, exploring execution paths, and then creating code comprehension…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Teemu Lehtinen , Charles Koutcheme , Arto Hellas

Program synthesis has been long studied with recent approaches focused on directly using the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate code. Programming benchmarks, with curated synthesis problems and test-cases, are used to measure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jiawei Liu , Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yuyao Wang , Lingming Zhang

Sonatype's 2023 report found that 97% of developers and security leads integrate generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), into their development process. Concerns about the security implications of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sivana Hamer , Marcelo d'Amorim , Laurie Williams

Background and Context: Over the past year, large language models (LLMs) have taken the world by storm. In computing education, like in other walks of life, many opportunities and threats have emerged as a consequence. Objectives: In this…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Arto Hellas , Juho Leinonen , Sami Sarsa , Charles Koutcheme , Lilja Kujanpää , Juha Sorva

Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged as coding assistants, capable of generating source code from natural language prompts. With the increasing adoption of LLMs in software development, academic research and industry based projects are…

The increasing use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software development has garnered significant attention from researchers evaluating the capabilities and limitations of LLMs for code generation. However, much of the research focuses on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xiao Yu , Lei Liu , Xing Hu , Jin Liu , Xin Xia

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated their remarkable capabilities in numerous fields. This survey focuses on how LLMs empower users, regardless of their technical background, to use human languages to automatically generate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Nam Huynh , Beiyu Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Artificial Intelligence (AI) advancements have enabled the development of Large Language Models (LLMs) that can perform a variety of tasks with remarkable semantic understanding and accuracy. ChatGPT is one such LLM that has gained…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-02 M. Mehdi Kholoosi , M. Ali Babar , Roland Croft

The increasing development of LLMs in code generation has drawn significant attention among researchers. To enhance LLM-based code generation ability, current efforts are predominantly directed towards collecting high-quality datasets and…

The widespread adoption of conversational LLMs for software development has raised new security concerns regarding the safety of LLM-generated content. Our motivational study outlines ChatGPT's potential in volunteering context-specific…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-07 Amirali Sajadi , Binh Le , Anh Nguyen , Kostadin Damevski , Preetha Chatterjee

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have rapidly penetrated into people's work and daily lives over the past few years, due to their extraordinary conversational skills and intelligence. ChatGPT has become the fastest-growing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Wenxuan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have undergone rapid evolution and achieved remarkable results in recent times. OpenAI's ChatGPT, backed by GPT-3.5 or GPT-4, has gained instant popularity due to its strong capability across a wide range of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Fangzhou Wu , Qingzhao Zhang , Ati Priya Bajaj , Tiffany Bao , Ning Zhang , Ruoyu "Fish" Wang , Chaowei Xiao