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The de facto algorithm for training the back pass of a feedforward neural network is backpropagation (BP). The use of almost-everywhere differentiable activation functions made it efficient and effective to propagate the gradient backwards…

Compared with artificial neural networks (ANNs), spiking neural networks (SNNs) are promising to explore the brain-like behaviors since the spikes could encode more spatio-temporal information. Although pre-training from ANN or direct…

Backpropagation through nonlinear neurons is an outstanding challenge to the field of optical neural networks and the major conceptual barrier to all-optical training schemes. Each neuron is required to exhibit a directionally dependent…

The long-held assumption that backpropagation (BP) is essential for state-of-the-art performance is challenged by this work. We present rigorous, hardware-validated evidence that the Mono-Forward (MF) algorithm, a backpropagation-free…

Deep Learning's outstanding track record across several domains has stemmed from the use of error backpropagation (BP). Several studies, however, have shown that it is impossible to execute BP in a real brain. Also, BP still serves as an…

The backpropagation of error algorithm (BP) is impossible to implement in a real brain. The recent success of deep networks in machine learning and AI, however, has inspired proposals for understanding how the brain might learn across…

Driven by the need for more efficient and seamless integration of physical models and data, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have seen a surge of interest in recent years. However, ensuring the reliability of their convergence and…

Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) significantly reduce computational complexity and memory usage in machine and deep learning by representing weights and activations with just one bit. However, most existing training algorithms for BNNs rely on…

Brain-inspired neuromorphic computing with spiking neural networks (SNNs) is a promising energy-efficient computational approach. However, successfully training SNNs in a more biologically plausible and neuromorphic-hardware-friendly way is…

Simulating many-body quantum systems on a classical computer is difficult due to the large number of degrees of freedom, causing the computational complexity to grow exponentially with system size. Tensor Networks (TN) is a framework that…

Training deep learning networks involves continuous weight updates across the various layers of the deep network while using a backpropagation algorithm (BP). This results in expensive computation overheads during training. Consequently,…

Currently, progressively larger deep neural networks are trained on ever growing data corpora. As this trend is only going to increase in the future, distributed training schemes are becoming increasingly relevant. A major issue in…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as new data-driven PDE solvers for both forward and inverse problems. While promising, the expensive computational costs to obtain solutions often restrict their broader applicability.…

We present pseudo-differential enhanced physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), an extension of gradient enhancement but in Fourier space. Gradient enhancement of PINNs dictates that the PDE residual is taken to a higher differential…

The gradients used to train neural networks are typically computed using backpropagation. While an efficient way to obtain exact gradients, backpropagation is computationally expensive, hinders parallelization, and is biologically…

In this paper, we provide an in-depth study of Stochastic Backpropagation (SBP) when training deep neural networks for standard image classification and object detection tasks. During backward propagation, SBP calculates the gradients by…

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are positioned to enable spatio-temporal information processing and ultra-low power event-driven neuromorphic hardware. However, SNNs are yet to reach the same performances of conventional deep artificial…

Backpropagation algorithm has been widely used as a mainstream learning procedure for neural networks in the past decade, and has played a significant role in the development of deep learning. However, there exist some limitations…

Training neural networks with back-propagation (BP) requires a sequential passing of activations and gradients, which forces the network modules to work in a synchronous fashion. This has been recognized as the lockings (i.e., the forward,…

Artificial neural networks are most commonly trained with the back-propagation algorithm, where the gradient for learning is provided by back-propagating the error, layer by layer, from the output layer to the hidden layers. A recently…