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One fruitful formulation of Deep Networks (DNs) enabling their theoretical study and providing practical guidelines to practitioners relies on Piecewise Affine Splines. In that realm, a DN's input-mapping is expressed as per-region affine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Randall Balestriero , Yann LeCun

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), as valuable intellectual property, face unauthorized use. Existing protections, such as digital watermarking, are largely passive; they provide only post-hoc ownership verification and cannot actively prevent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Han Yang , Shaofeng Li , Tian Dong , Xiangyu Xu , Guangchi Liu , Zhen Ling

The rapid advance of deep reinforcement learning techniques enables the oversight of safety-critical systems through the utilization of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). This underscores the pressing need to promptly establish certified safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Dapeng Zhi , Peixin Wang , Si Liu , Luke Ong , Min Zhang

Accurate quantification of both aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties is essential when deploying Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) in high-stakes applications such as drug discovery and financial fraud detection, where reliable predictions are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Linlin Yu , Kangshuo Li , Pritom Kumar Saha , Yifei Lou , Feng Chen

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have performed admirably in classification tasks. However, the characterization of their classification uncertainties, required for certain applications, has been lacking. In this work, we investigate the issue…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Yu Pan , Kwo-Sen Kuo , Michael L. Rilee , Hongfeng Yu

The reliability of software that has a Deep Neural Network (DNN) as a component is urgently important today given the increasing number of critical applications being deployed with DNNs. The need for reliability raises a need for rigorous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Swaroopa Dola , Matthew B. Dwyer , Mary Lou Soffa

Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are core components for classification and regression tasks of many software systems. Companies incur in high costs for testing DNN with datasets representative of the inputs expected in operation, as these need…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Antonio Guerriero , Roberto Pietrantuono , Stefano Russo

Safety is a critical concern for the next generation of autonomy that is likely to rely heavily on deep neural networks for perception and control. Formally verifying the safety and robustness of well-trained DNNs and learning-enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Xiaodong Yang , Tom Yamaguchi , Hoang-Dung Tran , Bardh Hoxha , Taylor T Johnson , Danil Prokhorov

With the increasing adoption of Deep Neural Network (DNN) models as integral parts of software systems, efficient operational testing of DNNs is much in demand to ensure these models' actual performance in field conditions. A challenge is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-28 Zenan Li , Xiaoxing Ma , Chang Xu , Chun Cao , Jingwei Xu , Jian Lü

In order to deploy deep neural networks (DNNs) in high-stakes scenarios, it is imperative that DNNs provide inference robust to external perturbations - both intentional and unintentional. Although the resilience of DNNs to intentional and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Sazzad Sayyed , Milin Zhang , Shahriar Rifat , Ananthram Swami , Michael De Lucia , Francesco Restuccia

Deep neural networks have achieved impressive experimental results in image classification, but can surprisingly be unstable with respect to adversarial perturbations, that is, minimal changes to the input image that cause the network to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Xiaowei Huang , Marta Kwiatkowska , Sen Wang , Min Wu

Probabilistic verification problems of neural networks are concerned with formally analysing the output distribution of a neural network under a probability distribution of the inputs. Examples of probabilistic verification problems include…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 David Boetius , Stefan Leue , Tobias Sutter

Deep neural networks can be trained to be efficient and effective controllers for dynamical systems; however, the mechanics of deep neural networks are complex and difficult to guarantee. This work presents a general approach for providing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Kyle D. Julian , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Inference accuracy of deep neural networks (DNNs) is a crucial performance metric, but can vary greatly in practice subject to actual test datasets and is typically unknown due to the lack of ground truth labels. This has raised significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-06 Zhihui Shao , Jianyi Yang , Shaolei Ren

Deep neural networks (NNs) are powerful black box predictors that have recently achieved impressive performance on a wide spectrum of tasks. Quantifying predictive uncertainty in NNs is a challenging and yet unsolved problem. Bayesian NNs,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-07 Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Alexander Pritzel , Charles Blundell

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are becoming more prevalent in important safety-critical applications, where reliability in the prediction is paramount. Despite their exceptional prediction capabilities, current DNNs do not have an implicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 David Betancourt , Rafi Muhanna

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have transformed several artificial intelligence research areas including computer vision, speech recognition, and natural language processing. However, recent studies demonstrated that DNNs are vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaoyu Cao , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are widely used in perception systems for safety-critical applications, such as autonomous driving and robotics. However, DNNs remain vulnerable to various safety concerns, including generalization errors,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Albert Schotschneider , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

Trained Deep Neural Network (DNN) models are considered valuable Intellectual Properties (IP) in several business models. Prevention of IP theft and unauthorized usage of such DNN models has been raised as of significant concern by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Manaar Alam , Sayandeep Saha , Debdeep Mukhopadhyay , Sandip Kundu

Although recent provable methods have been developed to compute preimage bounds for neural networks, their scalability is fundamentally limited by the #P-hardness of the problem. In this work, we adopt a novel probabilistic perspective,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Luca Marzari , Manuele Bicego , Ferdinando Cicalese , Alessandro Farinelli