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Pretraining datasets are foundational to the development of multimodal models, yet they often have inherent biases and toxic content from the web-scale corpora they are sourced from. In this paper, we investigate the prevalence of toxicity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Karthik Reddy Kanjula , Surya Guthikonda , Nahid Alam , Shayekh Bin Islam

Misbehavior in online social networks (OSN) is an ever-growing phenomenon. The research to date tends to focus on the deployment of machine learning to identify and classify types of misbehavior such as bullying, aggression, and racism to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Hina Qayyum , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Ian D. Wood , Muhammad Ikram , Mohamed Ali Kaafar , Nicolas Kourtellis

In recent years, the widespread use of social media has led to an increase in the generation of toxic and offensive content on online platforms. In response, social media platforms have worked on developing automatic detection methods and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Tharindu Ranasinghe , Diptanu Sarkar , Marcos Zampieri , Alexander Ororbia

The detection of hate speech or toxic content online is a complex and sensitive issue. While the identification itself is highly dependent on the context of the situation, sensitive personal attributes such as age, language, and nationality…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Jan Fillies , Theodoros Mitsikas , Ralph Schäfermeier , Adrian Paschke

The mental health of social media users has started more and more to be put at risk by harmful, hateful, and offensive content. In this paper, we propose \textsc{StopHC}, a harmful content detection and mitigation architecture for social…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Ciprian-Octavian Truică , Ana-Teodora Constantinescu , Elena-Simona Apostol

Text-to-Image (T2I) models have shown great performance in generating images based on textual prompts. However, these models are vulnerable to unsafe input to generate unsafe content like sexual, harassment and illegal-activity images.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zongyu Wu , Hongcheng Gao , Yueze Wang , Xiang Zhang , Suhang Wang

Social media companies as well as authorities make extensive use of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to monitor postings of hate speech, celebrations of violence or profanity. Since AI software requires massive volumes of data to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Hadeel Saadany , Constantin Orasan

Toxic and antisocial user behavior on social media platforms has received considerable scholarly attention due to its detrimental effects on society. This study takes a holistic perspective on the phenomenon of online toxicity by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Lorenzo Alvisi , Victoria Popa , Guglielmo Cola , Serena Tardelli , Maurizio Tesconi

Online communities have become essential places for socialization and support, yet they also possess toxicity, echo chambers, and misinformation. Detecting this harmful content is difficult because the meaning of an online interaction stems…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Olha Wloch , Liam Hebert , Robin Cohen , Lukasz Golab

Large language models (LLMs) have become integral to various real-world applications, leveraging massive, web-sourced datasets like Common Crawl, C4, and FineWeb for pretraining. While these datasets provide linguistic data essential for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Sai Krishna Mendu , Harish Yenala , Aditi Gulati , Shanu Kumar , Parag Agrawal

The Digital Services Act (DSA) requires large social media platforms in the EU to provide clear and specific information whenever they remove or restrict access to certain content. These "Statements of Reasons" (SoRs) are collected in the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Chiara Drolsbach , Nicolas Pröllochs

The rapid growth in user generated content on social media has resulted in a significant rise in demand for automated content moderation. Various methods and frameworks have been proposed for the tasks of hate speech detection and toxic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Elizaveta Korotkova , Isaac Chung

Recent years have witnessed success in AIGC (AI Generated Content). People can make use of a pre-trained diffusion model to generate images of high quality or freely modify existing pictures with only prompts in nature language. More…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Yutong Wu , Jie Zhang , Florian Kerschbaum , Tianwei Zhang

Internet memes are powerful tools for communication, capable of spreading political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. However, they can be harmful and can be used to disseminate hate toward targeted individuals or groups. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Breiteneder , Mohammad Belal , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Shahed Masoudian , Usman Naseem , Kulshrestha Juhi , Markus Schedl , Shah Nawaz

Mental illness affects a significant portion of the worldwide population. Online mental health forums can provide a supportive environment for those afflicted and also generate a large amount of data which can be mined to predict mental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Derek Howard , Marta Maslej , Justin Lee , Jacob Ritchie , Geoffrey Woollard , Leon French

Large language models produce human-like text that drive a growing number of applications. However, recent literature and, increasingly, real world observations, have demonstrated that these models can generate language that is toxic,…

Personalized recommendation systems often drive users towards more extreme content, exacerbating opinion polarization. While (content-aware) moderation has been proposed to mitigate these effects, such approaches risk curtailing the freedom…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Nan Li , Bo Kang , Tijl De Bie

With the widespread use of toxic language online, platforms are increasingly using automated systems that leverage advances in natural language processing to automatically flag and remove toxic comments. However, most automated systems --…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Austin P Wright , Omar Shaikh , Haekyu Park , Will Epperson , Muhammed Ahmed , Stephane Pinel , Duen Horng Chau , Diyi Yang

With the recent rise of toxicity in online conversations on social media platforms, using modern machine learning algorithms for toxic comment detection has become a central focus of many online applications. Researchers and companies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-03-30 Ameya Vaidya , Feng Mai , Yue Ning

With the recent surge and exponential growth of social media usage, scrutinizing social media content for the presence of any hateful content is of utmost importance. Researchers have been diligently working since the past decade on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Atanu Mandal , Gargi Roy , Amit Barman , Indranil Dutta , Sudip Kumar Naskar