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Vision-Language Models (VLMs) still lack robustness in spatial intelligence, demonstrating poor performance on spatial understanding and reasoning tasks. We attribute this gap to the absence of a visual geometry learning process capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wenbo Hu , Jingli Lin , Yilin Long , Yunlong Ran , Lihan Jiang , Yifan Wang , Chenming Zhu , Runsen Xu , Tai Wang , Jiangmiao Pang

Spatial reasoning in vision language models (VLMs) remains fragile when semantics hinge on subtle temporal or geometric cues. We introduce a synthetic benchmark that probes two complementary skills: situational awareness (recognizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Pascal Benschop , Justin Dauwels , Jan van Gemert

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in processing both visual and textual information. However, the critical challenge of alignment between visual and textual representations is not fully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dong Shu , Haiyan Zhao , Jingyu Hu , Weiru Liu , Ali Payani , Lu Cheng , Mengnan Du

Text-based Visual Question Answering~(TextVQA) aims to produce correct answers for given questions about the images with multiple scene texts. In most cases, the texts naturally attach to the surface of the objects. Therefore, spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Hao Li , Jinfa Huang , Peng Jin , Guoli Song , Qi Wu , Jie Chen

Vision Language Models exhibit impressive performance for various tasks, yet they often lack the sophisticated situational reasoning required for complex decision-making. This paper shows that VLMs can achieve surprisingly strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zhe Hu , Jing Li , Zhongzhu Pu , Hou Pong Chan , Yu Yin

Visual Language Models (VLMs) are essential for various tasks, particularly visual reasoning tasks, due to their robust multi-modal information integration, visual reasoning capabilities, and contextual awareness. However, existing \VLMs{}'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zaiqiao Meng , Hao Zhou , Yifang Chen

AI models have achieved state-of-the-art results in textual reasoning; however, their ability to reason over spatial and relational structures remains a critical bottleneck -- particularly in early-grade maths, which relies heavily on…

Vision language models (VLMs) perform well on many tasks but often fail at spatial reasoning, which is essential for navigation and interaction with physical environments. Many spatial reasoning tasks depend on fundamental two-dimensional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yihong Tang , Ao Qu , Zhaokai Wang , Dingyi Zhuang , Zhaofeng Wu , Wei Ma , Shenhao Wang , Yunhan Zheng , Zhan Zhao , Jinhua Zhao

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel at matching concepts across multi-modal inputs but struggle with compositional concepts and high-level relationships between entities. This paper introduces Progressive multi-granular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Quang-Hung Le , Long Hoang Dang , Ngan Le , Truyen Tran , Thao Minh Le

Despite recent advancements in Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) on diverse understanding tasks, these models struggle to solve problems which require extensive multi-step reasoning. This is primarily due to the progressive dilution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Byungwoo Jeon , Yoonwoo Jeong , Hyunseok Lee , Minsu Cho , Jinwoo Shin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys

Linguistic representations derived from text alone have been criticized for their lack of grounding, i.e., connecting words to their meanings in the physical world. Vision-and-Language (VL) models, trained jointly on text and image or video…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-22 Tian Yun , Chen Sun , Ellie Pavlick

Visual Grounding, also known as Referring Expression Comprehension and Phrase Grounding, aims to ground the specific region(s) within the image(s) based on the given expression text. This task simulates the common referential relationships…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Linhui Xiao , Xiaoshan Yang , Xiangyuan Lan , Yaowei Wang , Changsheng Xu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant progress in image and language tasks due to the strong reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs). Nevertheless, most MLLMs suffer from limited spatial reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Jiajie Guo , Qingpeng Zhu , Jin Zeng , Xiaolong Wu , Changyong He , Weida Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable ability in various language tasks, especially with their emergent in-context learning capability. Extending LLMs to incorporate visual inputs, large vision-language models (LVLMs) have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aneesh Komanduri , Karuna Bhaila , Xintao Wu

Humans possess the visual-spatial intelligence to remember spaces from sequential visual observations. However, can Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) trained on million-scale video datasets also ``think in space'' from videos? We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jihan Yang , Shusheng Yang , Anjali W. Gupta , Rilyn Han , Li Fei-Fei , Saining Xie

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have attained exceptional success across multimodal tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering. However, their robustness under noisy conditions remains unfamiliar. In this study, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Purushoth , Alireza

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have yielded increasingly powerful models, yet their perceptual capacities remain poorly characterized. In practice, most model families scale language component while reusing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tejas Anvekar , Fenil Bardoliya , Pavan K. Turaga , Chitta Baral , Vivek Gupta

The advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly broadened the scope of applications in natural language processing, with multi-modal LLMs extending these capabilities to integrate and interpret visual data. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Bingchen Zhao , Yongshuo Zong , Letian Zhang , Timothy Hospedales

Visual language is a system of communication that conveys information through symbols, shapes, and spatial arrangements. Diagrams are a typical example of a visual language depicting complex concepts and their relationships in the form of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yifan Hou , Buse Giledereli , Yilei Tu , Mrinmaya Sachan