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We propose Streaming Bandits, a Restless Multi Armed Bandit (RMAB) framework in which heterogeneous arms may arrive and leave the system after staying on for a finite lifetime. Streaming Bandits naturally capture the health intervention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-17 Aditya Mate , Arpita Biswas , Christoph Siebenbrunner , Susobhan Ghosh , Milind Tambe

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) have been widely utilized to address resource allocation problems with Markov reward processes (MRPs). Existing works often assume that the dynamics of MRPs are known prior, which makes the RMAB problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jingwen Tong , Xinran Li , Liqun Fu , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

We consider the scheduling problem concerning N projects. Each project evolves as a multi-state Markov process. At each time instant, one project is scheduled to work, and some reward depending on the state of the chosen project is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-02 Kehao Wang

Multi-armed bandits (MAB) model sequential decision making problems, in which a learner sequentially chooses arms with unknown reward distributions in order to maximize its cumulative reward. Most of the prior work on MAB assumes that the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Onur Atan , Cem Tekin , Mihaela van der Schaar

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) extend multi-armed bandits so pulling an arm impacts future states. Despite the success of RMABs, a key limiting assumption is the separability of rewards into a sum across arms. We address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naveen Raman , Zheyuan Ryan Shi , Fei Fang

This paper studies a class of constrained restless multi-armed bandits (CRMAB). The constraints are in the form of time varying set of actions (set of available arms). This variation can be either stochastic or semi-deterministic. Given a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Kesav Kaza , Rahul Meshram , Varun Mehta , S. N. Merchant

In the classic Bayesian restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem, there are $N$ arms, with rewards on all arms evolving at each time as Markov chains with known parameters. A player seeks to activate $K \geq 1$ arms at each time in order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2010-11-23 Wenhan Dai , Yi Gai , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Qing Zhao

This paper addresses an important class of restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problems that finds broad application in operations research, stochastic optimization, and reinforcement learning. There are $N$ independent Markov processes that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Keqin Liu

We introduce robustness in \textit{restless multi-armed bandits} (RMABs), a popular model for constrained resource allocation among independent stochastic processes (arms). Nearly all RMAB techniques assume stochastic dynamics are precisely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jackson A. Killian , Lily Xu , Arpita Biswas , Milind Tambe

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) play a central role in modeling sequential decision making problems under an instantaneous activation constraint that at most B arms can be activated at any decision epoch. Each restless arm is endowed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Guojun Xiong , Jian Li

Restless multi-armed bandits (RMAB) have demonstrated success in optimizing resource allocation for large beneficiary populations in public health settings. Unfortunately, RMAB models lack flexibility to adapt to evolving public health…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Nikhil Behari , Edwin Zhang , Yunfan Zhao , Aparna Taneja , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Milind Tambe

We propose a multi-agent multi-armed bandit (MA-MAB) framework aimed at ensuring fair outcomes across agents while maximizing overall system performance. A key challenge in this setting is decision-making under limited information about arm…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Tianyi Xu , Jiaxin Liu , Nicholas Mattei , Zizhan Zheng

In the classic Bayesian restless multi-armed bandit (RMAB) problem, there are $N$ arms, with rewards on all arms evolving at each time as Markov chains with known parameters. A player seeks to activate $K \geq 1$ arms at each time in order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-12-25 Wenhan Dai , Yi Gai , Bhaskar Krishnamachari , Qing Zhao

Online restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) typically assume that each arm follows a stationary Markov Decision Process (MDP) with fixed state transitions and rewards. However, in real-world applications like healthcare and recommendation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Yu-Heng Hung , Ping-Chun Hsieh , Kai Wang

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) offer a powerful framework for solving resource constrained maximization problems. However, the formulation can be inappropriate for settings where the limiting constraint is a reward threshold rather…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-06 R. Teal Witter , Lisa Hellerstein

Contextual multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms have been shown promising for maximizing cumulative rewards in sequential decision tasks such as news article recommendation systems, web page ad placement algorithms, and mobile health.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-01 Gi-Soo Kim , Myunghee Cho Paik

Motivated by applications in energy management, this paper presents the Multi-Armed Risk-Aware Bandit (MARAB) algorithm. With the goal of limiting the exploration of risky arms, MARAB takes as arm quality its conditional value at risk. When…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-07 Nicolas Galichet , Michèle Sebag , Olivier Teytaud

We study the Improving Multi-Armed Bandit (IMAB) problem, where the reward obtained from an arm increases with the number of pulls it receives. This model provides an elegant abstraction for many real-world problems in domains such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Vishakha Patil , Vineet Nair , Ganesh Ghalme , Arindam Khan

Restless Multi-Armed Bandits (RMABs) are powerful models for decision-making under uncertainty, yet classical formulations typically assume fixed dynamics, an assumption often violated in nonstationary environments. We introduce MARBLE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Mohsen Amiri , Konstantin Avrachenkov , Ibtihal El Mimouni , Sindri Magnússon

We study the problem of planning restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) with multiple actions. This is a popular model for multi-agent systems with applications like multi-channel communication, monitoring and machine maintenance tasks, and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Abheek Ghosh , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Manish Jain , Milind Tambe