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The advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has remarkably pushed the boundaries towards artificial general intelligence (AGI), with their exceptional ability on understanding diverse types of information, including but not limited to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Ziwei Chai , Tianjie Zhang , Liang Wu , Kaiqiao Han , Xiaohai Hu , Xuanwen Huang , Yang Yang

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performance in a variety of evaluation benchmarks, they still struggle in complex reasoning tasks which require specific knowledge and multi-hop reasoning. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Zheng Gong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Although advances such as chain-of-thought, tree-of-thought or reinforcement learning have improved the performance of LLMs in reasoning and planning tasks, they are still brittle and have not achieved human-level performance in many…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Leon Hamm , Zlatan Ajanovic

Mathematical Word Problems (MWPs) are among the most challenging tasks in natural language processing because they require both linguistic understanding and multi-step numerical reasoning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Aurprita Mahmood , Sabrin alam , Neloy kumer Sagor , Md. Abdul Hadi , Md. Sehab Al Islam , Minhajul Islam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in various tasks but struggle with hallucination problems and lack of relevant knowledge, especially in deep complex reasoning and knowledge-intensive tasks. Knowledge Graphs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Qing Liu , Xiwei Xu , Xin Yuan , Wenjie Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) leverage chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting to provide step-by-step rationales, improving performance on complex tasks. Despite its benefits, vanilla CoT often fails to fully verify intermediate inferences and can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Manish Sanwal

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Large language models' reasoning abilities benefit from methods that organize their thought processes, such as chain-of-thought prompting, which employs a sequential structure to guide the reasoning process step-by-step. However, existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Zhenjie Sun , Naihao Deng , Haofei Yu , Jiaxuan You

Large language models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable reasoning capabilities by exploiting chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting, which generates intermediate reasoning chains to serve as the rationale for deriving the answer. However, current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Anni Zou , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Xiangru Tang

Many language tasks can be modeled as classification problems where a large language model (LLM) is given a prompt and selects one among many possible answers. We show that the classification error in such problems scales as a power law in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Amrut Nadgir , Vijay Balasubramanian , Pratik Chaudhari

Research idea generation is the innovation-driving step of automated scientific research. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown potential for automating idea generation at scale. However, existing methods mainly condition LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Songyang Gao , Yinghui Xia , Siyi Liu , Hui Xiong

To improve the ability of the large language model (LLMs) to tackle complex reasoning problems, chain-of-thoughts (CoT) methods were proposed to guide LLMs to reason step-by-step, enabling problem solving from simple to complex.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Zhen-Yu Zhang , Siwei Han , Huaxiu Yao , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in reasoning and planning when integrated with tree-search-based prompting methods. However, since these methods ignore the previous search experiences, they often make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Wenyang Hui , Kewei Tu

Open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly specialize by domain (e.g., math, code, general reasoning), motivating systems that leverage complementary strengths across models. Prior multi-LLM approaches either (i) route a query to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Jacob Fein-Ashley , Dhruv Parikh , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

We introduce Buffer of Thoughts (BoT), a novel and versatile thought-augmented reasoning approach for enhancing accuracy, efficiency and robustness of large language models (LLMs). Specifically, we propose meta-buffer to store a series of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ling Yang , Zhaochen Yu , Tianjun Zhang , Shiyi Cao , Minkai Xu , Wentao Zhang , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Bin Cui

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting can enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), establishing itself as a primary approach to solving complex reasoning tasks. Existing CoT synthesis approaches usually focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Xiaoxue Cheng , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs), such as GPT3.5, GPT4 and LLAMA2 perform surprisingly well and outperform human experts on many tasks. However, in many domain-specific evaluations, these LLMs often suffer from hallucination problems due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Yuqi Wang , Boran Jiang , Yi Luo , Dawei He , Peng Cheng , Liangcai Gao

Chain of thought (CoT) fine-tuning aims to endow large language models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities by training them on curated reasoning traces. It leverages both supervised and reinforced fine-tuning to cultivate human-like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiaoshu Chen , Sihang Zhou , Ke Liang , Duanyang Yuan , Haoyuan Chen , Xiaoyu Sun , Lingyuan Meng , Xinwang Liu

With the remarkable success of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in perception tasks, enhancing their complex reasoning capabilities has emerged as a critical research focus. Existing models still suffer from challenges such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wenxin Zhu , Andong Chen , Yuchen Song , Kehai Chen , Conghui Zhu , Ziyan Chen , Tiejun Zhao

While researchers have made significant progress in enabling large language models (LLMs) to perform multi-step planning, LLMs struggle to ensure that those plans align with high-level user intent and satisfy symbolic constraints,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Kamel Alrashedy , Vriksha Srihari , Zulfiqar Zaidi , Ridam Srivastava , Pradyumna Tambwekar , Matthew Gombolay