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Related papers: Weak Identification with Many Instruments

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We discuss the fundamental issue of identification in linear instrumental variable (IV) models with unknown IV validity. With the assumption of the "sparsest rule", which is equivalent to the plurality rule but becomes operational in…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-06 Yiqi Lin , Frank Windmeijer , Xinyuan Song , Qingliang Fan

The linear instrumental variable (IV) model is widely used in observational studies, yet its validity hinges on strong assumptions. Classical specification tests such as the Sargan-Hansen J test are limited to overidentified settings and…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Cyrill Scheidegger , Malte Londschien , Peter Bühlmann

This paper considers two-sided tests for the parameter of an endogenous variable in an instrumental variable (IV) model with heteroskedastic and autocorrelated errors. We develop the finite-sample theory of weighted-average power (WAP)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-05-26 Humberto Moreira , Marcelo J. Moreira

Multivariable Mendelian randomization (MVMR) uses genetic variants as instrumental variables to infer the direct effects of multiple exposures on an outcome. However, unlike univariable Mendelian randomization, MVMR often faces greater…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-19 Yinxiang Wu , Hyunseung Kang , Ting Ye

Panel data methods are widely used in empirical analysis to address unobserved heterogeneity, but causal inference remains challenging when treatments are endogenous and confounding variables high-dimensional and potentially nonlinear.…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-03-24 Anna Baiardi , Paul S. Clarke , Andrea A. Naghi , Annalivia Polselli

To evaluate the effectiveness of a counterfactual policy, it is often necessary to extrapolate treatment effects on compliers to broader populations. This extrapolation relies on exogenous variation in instruments, which is often weak in…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-01 Muyang Ren

Instrumental variable analysis is a widely used method to estimate causal effects in the presence of unmeasured confounding. When the instruments, exposure and outcome are not measured in the same sample, Angrist and Krueger (1992)…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-09-07 Qingyuan Zhao , Jingshu Wang , Jack Bowden , Dylan S. Small

We study the wild bootstrap inference for instrumental variable regressions in the framework of a small number of large clusters in which the number of clusters is viewed as fixed and the number of observations for each cluster diverges to…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-01-19 Wenjie Wang , Yichong Zhang

Many weak instrumental variables (IVs) are routinely used in the health and social sciences to improve identification and inference of the treatment effect of interest, along with a broad collection of data on potential confounding factors…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-16 Di Zhang , Xuanyu Li , Baoluo Sun

The identification of the network effect is based on either group size variation, the structure of the network or the relative position in the network. I provide easy-to-verify necessary conditions for identification of undirected network…

Econometrics · Economics 2019-02-19 Guy Tchuente

In this paper I derive a set of testable implications for econometric models defined by three assumptions: (i) the existence of strictly exogenous discrete instruments, (ii) restrictions on how the instruments affect adoption of a finite…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-22 Ricardo E. Miranda

This paper proposes an overidentifying restriction test for high-dimensional linear instrumental variable models. The novelty of the proposed test is that it allows the number of covariates and instruments to be larger than the sample size.…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-08 Qingliang Fan , Zijian Guo , Ziwei Mei

Variational inference is a powerful tool for approximate inference. However, it mainly focuses on the evidence lower bound as variational objective and the development of other measures for variational inference is a promising area of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Michael Figurnov , Kirill Struminsky , Dmitry Vetrov

When parameters are weakly identified, bounds on the parameters may provide a valuable source of information. Existing weak identification estimation and inference results are unable to combine weak identification with bounds. Within a…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-03 Gregory Fletcher Cox

Penalized likelihood models are widely used to simultaneously select variables and estimate model parameters. However, the existence of weak signals can lead to inaccurate variable selection, biased parameter estimation, and invalid…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-13 Yuexia Zhang , Peibei Shi , Zhongyi Zhu , Linbo Wang , Annie Qu

This paper analyzes several different biases that emerge from the (possibly) low-precision nonparametric ingredient in a semiparametric model. We show that both the variance part and the bias part of the nonparametric ingredient can lead to…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-15 Jungjun Choi , Xiye Yang

There is an increasing interest in estimating heterogeneity in causal effects in randomized and observational studies. However, little research has been conducted to understand heterogeneity in an instrumental variables study. In this work,…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-20 Michael Johnson , Jiongyi Cao , Hyunseung Kang

Instrumental variables are commonly used to estimate effects of a treatment afflicted by unmeasured confounding, and in practice instruments are often continuous (e.g., measures of distance, or treatment preference). However, available…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-07-05 Edward H. Kennedy , Scott A. Lorch , Dylan S. Small

Estimating the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome is an important task in many economical and biological studies. Mendelian randomization, in particular, uses genetic variants as instruments to estimate causal effects in…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-06-06 Sai Li

In an instrumental variable model, the score statistic can be bounded for any alternative in parts of the parameter space. These regions involve a constraint on the first-stage regression coefficients and the reduced-form covariance matrix.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-13 Marcelo J. Moreira , Geert Ridder