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We study expressive power of shallow and deep neural networks with piece-wise linear activation functions. We establish new rigorous upper and lower bounds for the network complexity in the setting of approximations in Sobolev spaces. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-02 Dmitry Yarotsky

We study the capacity of \emph{sign} perceptrons neural networks (SPNN) and particularly focus on 1-hidden layer \emph{treelike committee machine} (TCM) architectures. Similarly to what happens in the case of a single perceptron neuron, it…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2023-12-14 Mihailo Stojnic

We derive upper bounds on the complexity of ReLU neural networks approximating the solution maps of parametric partial differential equations. In particular, without any knowledge of its concrete shape, we use the inherent…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Gitta Kutyniok , Philipp Petersen , Mones Raslan , Reinhold Schneider

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

We consider the capacity of \emph{treelike committee machines} (TCM) neural networks. Relying on Random Duality Theory (RDT), \cite{Stojnictcmspnncaprdt23} recently introduced a generic framework for their capacity analysis. An upgrade…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-09 Mihailo Stojnic

This paper quantitatively characterizes the approximation power of deep feed-forward neural networks (FNNs) in terms of the number of neurons. It is shown by construction that ReLU FNNs with width $\mathcal{O}\big(\max\{d\lfloor…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Zuowei Shen , Haizhao Yang , Shijun Zhang

The foundations of deep learning are supported by the seemingly opposing perspectives of approximation or learning theory. The former advocates for large/expressive models that need not generalize, while the latter considers classes that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ruiyang Hong , Anastasis Kratsios

We investigate deep morphological neural networks (DMNNs). We demonstrate that despite their inherent non-linearity, "linear" activations are essential for DMNNs. To preserve their inherent sparsity, we propose architectures that constraint…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Konstantinos Fotopoulos , Petros Maragos

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNs) embed nodes in a graph into Euclidean space, which has been shown to incur a large distortion when embedding real-world graphs with scale-free or hierarchical structure. Hyperbolic geometry offers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Ines Chami , Rex Ying , Christopher Ré , Jure Leskovec

A fundamental aspect of limitations in learning any computation in neural architectures is characterizing their optimal capacities. An important, widely-used neural architecture is known as autoencoders where the network reconstructs the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-23 Alireza Alemi , Alia Abbara

We derive bounds on the error, in high-order Sobolev norms, incurred in the approximation of Sobolev-regular as well as analytic functions by neural networks with the hyperbolic tangent activation function. These bounds provide explicit…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-12-09 Tim De Ryck , Samuel Lanthaler , Siddhartha Mishra

We prove deep neural network (DNN for short) expressivity rate bounds for solution sets of a model class of singularly perturbed, elliptic two-point boundary value problems, in Sobolev norms, on the bounded interval $(-1,1)$. We assume that…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-15 Joost A. A. Opschoor , Christoph Schwab , Christos Xenophontos

Despite the tremendous successes of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various applications, many fundamental aspects of deep learning remain incompletely understood, including DNN trainability. In a trainability study, one aims to discern what…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-19 Yueyao Yu , Yin Zhang

This paper investigates the relationship between the universal approximation property of deep neural networks and topological characteristics of datasets. Our primary contribution is to introduce data topology-dependent upper bounds on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Sangmin Lee , Jong Chul Ye

Recurrent neural networks (RNN) are powerful tools to explain how attractors may emerge from noisy, high-dimensional dynamics. We study here how to learn the ~N^(2) pairwise interactions in a RNN with N neurons to embed L manifolds of…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2020-02-05 Aldo Battista , Rémi Monasson

Learning to predict solutions to real-valued combinatorial graph problems promises efficient approximations. As demonstrated based on the NP-hard edge clique cover number, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are particularly suited for this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-20 Nil-Jana Akpinar , Bernhard Kratzwald , Stefan Feuerriegel

Covering numbers of (deep) ReLU networks have been used to characterize approximation-theoretic performance, to upper-bound prediction error in nonparametric regression, and to quantify classification capacity. These results rely on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-04 Weigutian Ou , Helmut Bölcskei

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is a widely used deep-learning network for dealing with sequential data. Imitating a dynamical system, an infinite-width RNN can approximate any open dynamical system in a compact domain. In general, deep…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-30 Chang hoon Song , Geonho Hwang , Jun ho Lee , Myungjoo Kang

Due to its geometric properties, hyperbolic space can support high-fidelity embeddings of tree- and graph-structured data, upon which various hyperbolic networks have been developed. Existing hyperbolic networks encode geometric priors not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Tao Yu , Christopher De Sa

Learning low-dimensional numerical representations from symbolic data, e.g., embedding the nodes of a graph into a geometric space, is an important concept in machine learning. While embedding into Euclidean space is common, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Thomas Bläsius , Jean-Pierre von der Heydt , Maximilian Katzmann , Nikolai Maas