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Language is essentially a complex, intricate system of human expressions governed by grammatical rules. It poses a significant challenge to develop capable AI algorithms for comprehending and grasping a language. As a major approach,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT and GitHub Copilot have revolutionized automated code generation in software engineering. However, as these models are increasingly utilized for software development, concerns have arisen…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Adrian Wood , Iqbal H. Sarker , Leandros Maglaras , Naeem Janjua

In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to reason about threats, generate information about tools, and automate cyber campaigns. We begin with a manual exploration of LLMs in supporting specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Stephen Moskal , Sam Laney , Erik Hemberg , Una-May O'Reilly

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integral to automated code analysis, enabling tasks such as vulnerability detection and code comprehension. However, their integration introduces novel attack surfaces. In this paper, we identify and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Fengyuan Xu , Xiuzhen Cheng , Sheng Zhong

The burgeoning capabilities of advanced large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have led to an increase in synthetic content generation with implications across a variety of sectors, including media, cybersecurity, public discourse,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xianjun Yang , Liangming Pan , Xuandong Zhao , Haifeng Chen , Linda Petzold , William Yang Wang , Wei Cheng

Large language models (LLMs) have gained human trust due to their capabilities and helpfulness. However, this in turn may allow LLMs to affect users' mindsets by manipulating language. It is termed as gaslighting, a psychological effect. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Wei Li , Luyao Zhu , Yang Song , Ruixi Lin , Rui Mao , Yang You

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

Newcomers onboarding to Open Source Software (OSS) projects face many challenges. Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, have emerged as potential resources for answering questions and providing guidance, with many developers now…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Italo Santos , Katia Romero Felizardo , Igor Steinmacher , Marco A. Gerosa

Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and other large language models (LLMs), pose significant challenges for maintaining academic integrity within higher education. This paper examines…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Carlton Shepherd

Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) harbor inherent social biases that can result in harmful real-world implications. Such social biases are measured through the probability values that PLMs output for different social groups and attributes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Rafal Kocielnik , Shrimai Prabhumoye , Vivian Zhang , Roy Jiang , R. Michael Alvarez , Anima Anandkumar

The use of Large Language Models (LLM) by providers of cybersecurity and digital infrastructures of all kinds is an ongoing development. It is suggested and on an experimental basis used to write the code for the systems, and potentially…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Kaspar Rosager Ludvigsen

Large language models (LLMs) have taken the scientific world by storm, changing the landscape of natural language processing and human-computer interaction. These powerful tools can answer complex questions and, surprisingly, perform…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Pier Luca Lanzi , Daniele Loiacono

Recent development of large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT has been widely applied to a wide range of software engineering tasks. Many papers have reported their analysis on the potential advantages and limitations of ChatGPT for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Priyanka Mudgal , Rita Wouhaybi

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi

This paper takes an exploratory approach to examine the use of ChatGPT for pattern mining. It proposes an eight-step collaborative process that combines human insight with AI capabilities to extract patterns from known uses. The paper…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Michael Weiss

The rapid proliferation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools - especially large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT - has ushered in a transformative era in higher education. Universities in developed regions are increasingly…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Russell Beale

The success and wide adoption of generative AI (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has attracted the attention of cybercriminals seeking to abuse models, steal sensitive data, or disrupt services. Moreover, providing…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being enhanced with the ability to use tools and to process multiple modalities. These new capabilities bring new benefits and also new security risks. In this work, we show that an attacker can use visual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xiaohan Fu , Zihan Wang , Shuheng Li , Rajesh K. Gupta , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick , Earlence Fernandes

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications where the model selects from competing third-party content, such as in LLM-powered search engines or chatbot plugins. In this paper, we introduce Preference Manipulation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Fredrik Nestaas , Edoardo Debenedetti , Florian Tramèr

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into various pipelines is increasingly widespread, effectively automating many manual tasks and often surpassing human capabilities. Cybersecurity researchers and practitioners have recognised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Constantinos Patsakis , Fran Casino , Nikolaos Lykousas