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Deep Learning (DL)-based malware detectors are increasingly adopted for early detection of malicious behavior in cybersecurity. However, their sensitivity to adversarial malware variants has raised immense security concerns. Generating such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-06 James Lee Hu , Mohammadreza Ebrahimi , Hsinchun Chen

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success, their vulnerability to adversarial perturbations, including recent jailbreak attacks, has raised considerable concerns. However, the increasing size of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Jiabao Ji , Bairu Hou , Zhen Zhang , Guanhua Zhang , Wenqi Fan , Qing Li , Yang Zhang , Gaowen Liu , Sijia Liu , Shiyu Chang

Recent work has shown that adversarial Windows malware samples - referred to as adversarial EXEmples in this paper - can bypass machine learning-based detection relying on static code analysis by perturbing relatively few input bytes. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Luca Demetrio , Scott E. Coull , Battista Biggio , Giovanni Lagorio , Alessandro Armando , Fabio Roli

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples, i.e., carefully-perturbed inputs aimed to mislead classification. This work proposes a detection method based on combining non-linear dimensionality reduction and density…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Francesco Crecchi , Davide Bacciu , Battista Biggio

Malware is constantly adapting in order to avoid detection. Model based malware detectors, such as SVM and neural networks, are vulnerable to so-called adversarial examples which are modest changes to detectable malware that allows the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Abdullah Al-Dujaili , Alex Huang , Erik Hemberg , Una-May O'Reilly

Backdoor attack is a severe security threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). We envision that, like adversarial examples, there will be a cat-and-mouse game for backdoor attacks, i.e., new empirical defenses are developed to defend against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Binghui Wang , Xiaoyu Cao , Jinyuan jia , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven to be quite effective in a vast array of machine learning tasks, with recent examples in cyber security and autonomous vehicles. Despite the superior performance of DNNs in these applications, it has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Qinglong Wang , Wenbo Guo , Kaixuan Zhang , Alexander G. Ororbia , Xinyu Xing , Xue Liu , C. Lee Giles

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where an attacker manipulates a small portion of the training data to implant hidden backdoors into the model. The compromised model behaves normally on clean samples but…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Ting Qiao , Yingjia Wang , Xing Liu , Sixing Wu , Jianbin Li , Yiming Li

As ML models are increasingly deployed in critical applications, robustness against adversarial perturbations is crucial. While numerous defenses have been proposed to counter such attacks, they typically assume that all adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Yuan Xin , Dingfan Chen , Michael Backes , Xiao Zhang

Machine learning algorithms are known to be susceptible to data poisoning attacks, where an adversary manipulates the training data to degrade performance of the resulting classifier. In this work, we present a unifying view of randomized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Elan Rosenfeld , Ezra Winston , Pradeep Ravikumar , J. Zico Kolter

Randomized smoothing is a leading approach for constructing classifiers that are certifiably robust against adversarial examples. Existing work on randomized smoothing has focused on classifiers with continuous inputs, such as images, where…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Zhuoqun Huang , Neil G. Marchant , Keane Lucas , Lujo Bauer , Olga Ohrimenko , Benjamin I. P. Rubinstein

Adversarial attacks, e.g., adversarial perturbations of the input and adversarial samples, pose significant challenges to machine learning and deep learning techniques, including interactive recommendation systems. The latent embedding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Siyu Wang , Yuanjiang Cao , Xiaocong Chen , Lina Yao , Xianzhi Wang , Quan Z. Sheng

With the recent advancements in machine learning (ML), numerous ML-based approaches have been extensively applied in software analytics tasks to streamline software development and maintenance processes. Nevertheless, studies indicate that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 MD Abdul Awal , Mrigank Rochan , Chanchal K. Roy

Malware analysis involves analyzing suspicious software to detect malicious payloads. Static malware analysis, which does not require software execution, relies increasingly on machine learning techniques to achieve scalability. Although…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Pierre-Francois Gimenez , Sarath Sivaprasad , Mario Fritz

Malicious software (malware) is a major cyber threat that has to be tackled with Machine Learning (ML) techniques because millions of new malware examples are injected into cyberspace on a daily basis. However, ML is vulnerable to attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Deqiang Li , Qianmu Li , Yanfang Ye , Shouhuai Xu

Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNN) are vulnerable to adversarial samples: maliciously-perturbed samples crafted to yield incorrect model outputs. Such attacks can severely undermine DNN systems, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-28 Ji Gao , Beilun Wang , Zeming Lin , Weilin Xu , Yanjun Qi

Deep neural networks, like many other machine learning models, have recently been shown to lack robustness against adversarially crafted inputs. These inputs are derived from regular inputs by minor yet carefully selected perturbations that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Kathrin Grosse , Nicolas Papernot , Praveen Manoharan , Michael Backes , Patrick McDaniel

Signature-based malware detectors have proven to be insufficient as even a small change in malignant executable code can bypass these signature-based detectors. Many machine learning-based models have been proposed to efficiently detect a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Yash Jakhotiya , Heramb Patil , Jugal Rawlani , Sunil B. Mane

Machine learning-based malware detectors are increasingly vulnerable to adversarial examples. Traditional defenses, such as one-shot adversarial training, often fail against adaptive attackers who use reinforcement learning to bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Olha Jurečková , Martin Jureček , Matouš Kozák , Róbert Lórencz

In the past decades, the rise of artificial intelligence has given us the capabilities to solve the most challenging problems in our day-to-day lives, such as cancer prediction and autonomous navigation. However, these applications might…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Ehsan Nowroozi , Mohammadreza Mohammadi , Pargol Golmohammadi , Yassine Mekdad , Mauro Conti , Selcuk Uluagac