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We study the decoding problem for quantum Tanner codes and propose to exploit the underlying local code structure by grouping check nodes into more powerful generalized check nodes for enhanced iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Olai Å. Mostad , Eirik Rosnes , Hsuan-Yin Lin

Quantum error correction is an indispensable ingredient for scalable quantum computing. In this Perspective we discuss a particular class of quantum codes called low-density parity-check (LDPC) quantum codes. The codes we discuss are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-26 Nikolas P. Breuckmann , Jens Niklas Eberhardt

In this work, we propose a fully differentiable iterative decoder for quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm is composed of classical belief propagation (BP) decoding stages and intermediate graph neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes

Quantum information needs to be protected by quantum error-correcting codes due to imperfect physical devices and operations. One would like to have an efficient and high-performance decoding procedure for the class of quantum stabilizer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Kao-Yueh Kuo , Ching-Yi Lai

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is an essential field of research towards the realization of large-scale quantum computers. On the theoretical side, a lot of effort is put into designing error-correcting codes that protect quantum data from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Lucas Berent , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes have been proven to achieve higher minimum distances at higher code rates than surface codes. However, this family of codes imposes stringent latency requirements and poor performance under…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Dimitris Chytas , Nithin Raveendran , Bane Vasić

We propose fault-tolerant encoders for quantum low-density parity check (LDPC) codes. By grouping qubits within a quantum code over contiguous blocks and applying preshared entanglement across these blocks, we show how transversal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-27 Abhi Kumar Sharma , Shayan Srinivasa Garani

Due to the high error rate of qubits, detecting and correcting errors is essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most promising quantum error correction…

Quantum error correction is the building block for constructing fault-tolerant quantum processors that can operate reliably even if its constituting elements are corrupted by decoherence. In this context, real-time decoding is a necessity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-15 Antonio deMarti iOlius , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

Decoding low-density parity-check codes is critical in many current technologies, such as fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks and satellite communications. The belief propagation algorithm allows for fast decoding due to the low density…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Sheila M. Perez-Garcia , Ashley Montanaro

Belief propagation (BP) decoding of quantum low density parity check (QLDPC) codes is often implemented using overcomplete stabilizer (OS) representations, where redundant parity checks are introduced to improve finite length performance.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Hernan Cordova , Alexios Balatsoukas-Stimming , Gabriele Liga , Yunus Can Gültekin , Alex Alvarado

Quantum error correction (QEC) is critical for scalable and reliable quantum computing, but existing solutions, such as surface codes, incur significant qubit overhead. Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes have recently emerged as…

Identifying the best families of quantum error correction (QEC) codes for near-term experiments is key to enabling fault-tolerant quantum computing. Ideally, such codes should have low overhead in qubit number, high physical error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-17 Laura Pecorari , Guido Pupillo

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are promising candidates for fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their high encoding rates and distances. However, implementing logical operations using qLDPC codes presents significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-18 Ze-Chuan Liu , Chong-Yuan Xu , Yong Xu

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes can achieve high encoding rates and good code distance scaling, providing a promising route to low-overhead fault-tolerant quantum computing. However, the long-range connectivity required to…

In this study, we report that quantum quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes decoded via joint belief propagation (BP) exhibit steep error-rate curves, despite the presence of error floors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-17 Daiki Komoto , Kenta Kasai

Decoding Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) codes is a fundamental problem in coding theory, and Belief Propagation (BP) is one of the most popular methods for LDPC code decoding. However, BP may encounter convergence issues and suboptimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-25 Krishnakanta Barik , Goutam Paul

The goal of the paper is to study specific properties of nonbinary low-density parity-check (NB LDPC) codes when used in coded modulation systems. The paper is focused on the practically important NB LDPC codes over extensions of the Galois…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Irina E. Bocharova , Boris D. Kudryashov , Evgenii P. Ovsyannikov , Vitaly Skachek

This paper presents an efficient quadratic programming (QP) decoder via the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) technique, called QP-ADMM, for binary low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. Its main contents are as follows:…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Jing Bai , Yongchao Wang , Qingjiang Shi

Quantum cryptography via key distribution mechanisms that utilize quantum entanglement between sender-receiver pairs will form the basis of future large-scale quantum networks. A key engineering challenge in such networks will be the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-05-14 Yixuan Xie , Jun Li , Robert Malaney , Jinhong Yuan