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Developing semi-supervised task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems by leveraging unlabeled dialog data has attracted increasing interests. For semi-supervised learning of latent state TOD models, variational learning is often used, but suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Yucheng Cai , Hong Liu , Zhijian Ou , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng

Most research on dialogue has focused either on dialogue generation for openended chit chat or on state tracking for goal-directed dialogue. In this work, we explore a hybrid approach to goal-oriented dialogue generation that combines…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Ana Valeria Gonzalez , Isabelle Augenstein , Anders Søgaard

Neural end-to-end goal-oriented dialog systems showed promise to reduce the workload of human agents for customer service, as well as reduce wait time for users. However, their inability to handle new user behavior at deployment has limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Janarthanan Rajendran , Jatin Ganhotra , Lazaros Polymenakos

Pre-trained language models have been successful in many scenarios. However, their usefulness in task-oriented dialogues is limited due to the intrinsic linguistic differences between general text and task-oriented dialogues. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Weihao Zeng , Keqing He , Yejie Wang , Dayuan Fu , Weiran Xu

Robust task-oriented spoken dialogue agents require exposure to the full diversity of how people interact through speech. Building spoken user simulators that address this requires large-scale spoken task-oriented dialogue (TOD) data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Jonggeun Lee , Junseong Pyo , Jeongmin Park , Yohan Jo

Task-oriented dialog systems enable users to accomplish tasks using natural language. State-of-the-art systems respond to users in the same way regardless of their personalities, although personalizing dialogues can lead to higher levels of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-27 A. B. Siddique , M. H. Maqbool , Kshitija Taywade , Hassan Foroosh

Recent works have shown considerable improvements in task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems by utilizing pretrained large language models (LLMs) in an end-to-end manner. However, the biased behavior of each component in a TOD system and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Hsuan Su , Rebecca Qian , Chinnadhurai Sankar , Shahin Shayandeh , Shang-Tse Chen , Hung-yi Lee , Daniel M. Bikel

Intelligent task-oriented dialogue systems (ToDs) are expected to continuously acquire new knowledge, also known as Continual Learning (CL), which is crucial to fit ever-changing user needs. However, catastrophic forgetting dramatically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Chen Chen , Ruizhe Li , Yuchen Hu , Yuanyuan Chen , Chengwei Qin , Qiang Zhang

We present a novel end-to-end trainable neural network model for task-oriented dialog systems. The model is able to track dialog state, issue API calls to knowledge base (KB), and incorporate structured KB query results into system…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-22 Bing Liu , Ian Lane

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are experiencing a revolution driven by Large Language Models (LLMs), yet the evaluation methodologies for these systems remain insufficient for their growing sophistication. While traditional automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Emre Can Acikgoz , Carl Guo , Suvodip Dey , Akul Datta , Takyoung Kim , Gokhan Tur , Dilek Hakkani-Tür

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have assisted users on many tasks, including ticket booking and service inquiries. While existing TOD systems have shown promising performance in serving customer needs, these systems mostly assume that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Zhiqiang Hu , Roy Kaa-Wei Lee , Nancy F. Chen

Creating effective and reliable task-oriented dialog systems (ToDSs) is challenging, not only because of the complex structure of these systems, but also due to the scarcity of training data, especially when several modules need to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Christos Vlachos , Themos Stafylakis , Ion Androutsopoulos

Most prior work on task-oriented dialogue systems are restricted to limited coverage of domain APIs. However, users oftentimes have requests that are out of the scope of these APIs. This work focuses on responding to these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Di Jin , Seokhwan Kim , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Dialogue management (DM) decides the next action of a dialogue system according to the current dialogue state, and thus plays a central role in task-oriented dialogue systems. Since dialogue management requires to have access to not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-14 Zheng Zhang , Minlie Huang , Zhongzhou Zhao , Feng Ji , Haiqing Chen , Xiaoyan Zhu

Traditional goal-oriented dialogue systems rely on various components such as natural language understanding, dialogue state tracking, policy learning and response generation. Training each component requires annotations which are hard to…

End-to-end neural TTS has achieved superior performance on reading style speech synthesis. However, it's still a challenge to build a high-quality conversational TTS due to the limitations of the corpus and modeling capability. This study…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Haohan Guo , Shaofei Zhang , Frank K. Soong , Lei He , Lei Xie

While the English virtual assistants have achieved exciting performance with an enormous amount of training resources, the needs of non-English-speakers have not been satisfied well. Up to Dec 2021, Alexa, one of the most popular smart…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Michael Sun , Kaili Huang , Mehrad Moradshahi

Unlike traditional cascaded pipelines, end-to-end (E2E) spoken dialogue systems preserve full differentiability and capture non-phonemic information, making them well-suited for modeling spoken interactions. However, existing E2E approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Siddhant Arora , Jinchuan Tian , Hayato Futami , Jee-weon Jung , Jiatong Shi , Yosuke Kashiwagi , Emiru Tsunoo , Shinji Watanabe

Establishing retrieval-based dialogue systems that can select appropriate responses from the pre-built index has gained increasing attention from researchers. For this task, the adoption of pre-trained language models (such as BERT) has led…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Chongyang Tao , Jiazhan Feng , Chang Liu , Juntao Li , Xiubo Geng , Daxin Jiang

Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Ning Gao , Yuqin Dai , Ruiyuan Wu , Jinpeng Wang , Rena Wei Gao , Bingdong Tan , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang