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Security and usability issues with passwords suggest a need for a new authentication scheme. Several alternatives involve a physical device or token. We investigate one such alternative, Pico: an authentication scheme that utilizes multiple…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-05-12 Jeunese Payne , Graeme Jenkinson , Frank Stajano , M. Angela Sasse , Max Spencer

Nowadays, advanced security mechanisms exist to protect data, systems, and networks. Most of these mechanisms are effective, and security experts can handle them to achieve a sufficient level of security for any given system. However, most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-06-24 Hans-Joachim Hof

Password users frequently employ passwords that are too simple, or they just reuse passwords for multiple websites. A common complaint is that utilizing secure passwords is too difficult. One possible solution to this problem is to use a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Elan Rosenfeld , Santosh Vempala , Manuel Blum

To develop trustworthy distributed systems, verification techniques and formal methods, including lightweight and practical approaches, have been employed to certify the design or implementation of security protocols. Lightweight formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Rémi Garcia , Paolo Modesti

Risk-based authentication (RBA) extends authentication mechanisms to make them more robust against account takeover attacks, such as those using stolen passwords. RBA is recommended by NIST and NCSC to strengthen password-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-05 Stephan Wiefling , Jan Tolsdorf , Luigi Lo Iacono

Using artificial intelligence to manage IT operations, also known as AIOps, is a trend that has attracted a lot of interest and anticipation in recent years. The challenge in IT operations is to run steady-state operations without…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Subhadip Kumar

Security vulnerabilities of traditional single factor authentication has become a major concern for security practitioners and researchers. To mitigate single point failures, new and technologically advanced Multi-Factor Authentication…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-19 Sanchari Das , Bingxing Wang , Zachary Tingle , L. Jean Camp

Many companies consider IoT as a central element for increasing competitiveness. Despite the growing number of cyberattacks on IoT devices and the importance of IoT security, no study has yet primarily focused on the impact of IoT security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ievgeniia Kuzminykh , Bogdan Ghita , Jose M. Such

Passwords are a good idea, in theory. They have the potential to act as a fairly strong gateway. In practice though, passwords are plagued with problems. They are (1) easily shared, (2) trivial to observe and (3) maddeningly elusive when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-08-25 Joseph Maguire , Karen Renaud

Recently, Li et al. analyzed Lee et al.'s multi-server authentication scheme and proposed a novel smart card and dynamic ID based remote user authentication scheme for multi-server environments. They claimed that their scheme can resist…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2013-05-29 Dawei Zhao , Haipeng Peng , Shudong Li , Yixian Yang

Security situational awareness refers to identifying, mitigating, and preventing digital cyber threats by gathering information to understand the current situation. With awareness, the basis for decisions is present, particularly in complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Daniela Pöhn , Heiner Lüken

Considering the world's IoT development and market, it is necessary to guarantee the security of the developed IoT applications as well as the privacy of their end users. In this sense, Federated Identity Management (FIdM) systems can be of…

Traceability systems have become prevalent in supply chains because of the rapid development of RFID and IoT technologies. These systems facilitate product recall and mitigate problems such as counterfeiting, tampering, and theft by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Fokke Heikamp , Lei Pan , Robin Doss , Rolando Trujillo-Rasua , Sushmita Ruj

To prevent password breaches and guessing attacks, banks increasingly turn to two-factor authentication (2FA), requiring users to present at least one more factor, such as a one-time password generated by a hardware token or received via…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Kat Krol , Eleni Philippou , Emiliano De Cristofaro , M. Angela Sasse

The proliferation of Internet services has led to an increasing need to protect private data. User authentication serves as a crucial mechanism to ensure data security. Although robust authentication forms the cornerstone of remote service…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Hamidreza Fereidouni , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid , Dimitrios Makrakis , Yaser Baseri

Designing an efficient protocol for avoiding the threat of recording based attack in presence of a powerful eavesdropper remains a challenge for more than two decades. During authentication, the absence of any secure link between the prover…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-31 Nilesh Chakraborty , Samrat Mondal

Advances in E2E verifiable voting have the potential to fundamentally restore trust in elections and democratic processes in society. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive introduction to the field. We trace the evolution of privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Syed Taha Ali , Judy Murray

Risk-based authentication (RBA) aims to protect users against attacks involving stolen passwords. RBA monitors features during login, and requests re-authentication when feature values widely differ from previously observed ones. It is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Stephan Wiefling , Paul René Jørgensen , Sigurd Thunem , Luigi Lo Iacono

Risk-based Authentication (RBA) is an adaptive security measure to strengthen password-based authentication. RBA monitors additional features during login, and when observed feature values differ significantly from previously seen ones,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-02 Stephan Wiefling , Markus Dürmuth , Luigi Lo Iacono

A plethora of contact tracing apps have been developed and deployed in several countries around the world in the battle against Covid-19. However, people are rightfully concerned about the security and privacy risks of such applications. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Pietro Tedeschi , Spiridon Bakiras , Roberto Di Pietro