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There is an increasing convergence between biologically plausible computational models of inference and learning with local update rules and the global gradient-based optimization of neural network models employed in machine learning. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Andre Ofner , Raihan Kabir Ratul , Suhita Ghosh , Sebastian Stober

Predictive coding graphs (PCGs) are a recently introduced generalization to predictive coding networks, a neuroscience-inspired probabilistic latent variable model. Here, we prove how PCGs define a mathematical superset of feedforward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Björn van Zwol

Artificial intelligence has recently experienced remarkable advances, fueled by large models, vast datasets, accelerated hardware, and, last but not least, the transformative power of differentiable programming. This new programming…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Mathieu Blondel , Vincent Roulet

Predictive coding networks (PCNs) constitute a biologically inspired framework for understanding hierarchical computation in the brain, and offer an alternative to traditional feedforward neural networks in ML. This note serves as a quick,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mikko Stenlund

Bridging the gap between motion models and reality is crucial by using limited data to deploy robots in the real world. Deep learning is expected to be generalized to diverse situations while reducing feature design costs through end-to-end…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Kanata Suzuki , Hiroshi Ito , Tatsuro Yamada , Kei Kase , Tetsuya Ogata

Predictive coding (PC) offers a local and biologically grounded alternative to backpropagation in the training of artificial neural networks, yet to date, it remains slower, and performance degrades sharply as network depth increases. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aleksandrs Baskakovs , Sylvain Estebe , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Kristoffer Nielbo , Chris Mathys , Nicolas Legrand

Robotic systems operating at the edge require efficient online learning algorithms that can continuously adapt to changing environments while processing streaming sensory data. Traditional backpropagation, while effective, conflicts with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Darius Masoum Zadeh-Jousdani , Elvin Hajizada , Eyke Hüllermeier

Machine learning algorithms, and more in particular neural networks, arguably experience a revolution in terms of performance. Currently, the best systems we have for speech recognition, computer vision and similar problems are based on…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-07 Michiel Hermans , Michaël Burm , Joni Dambre , Peter Bienstman

Can artificial intelligence unlock the secrets of the human brain? How do the inner mechanisms of deep learning models relate to our neural circuits? Is it possible to enhance AI by tapping into the power of brain recordings? These…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-31 Subba Reddy Oota , Zijiao Chen , Manish Gupta , Raju S. Bapi , Gael Jobard , Frederic Alexandre , Xavier Hinaut

Recent progress in artificial intelligence (AI) has renewed interest in building systems that learn and think like people. Many advances have come from using deep neural networks trained end-to-end in tasks such as object recognition, video…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-03 Brenden M. Lake , Tomer D. Ullman , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Samuel J. Gershman

Recent progress in large-scale language models has enabled breakthroughs in previously intractable computer programming tasks. Prior work in meta-learning and neural architecture search has led to substantial successes across various task…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Alex Sheng , Shankar Padmanabhan

The brain is a remarkably capable and efficient system. It can process and store huge amounts of noisy and unstructured information using minimal energy. In contrast, current artificial intelligence (AI) systems require vast resources for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Michalis Pagkalos , Roman Makarov , Panayiota Poirazi

In recent years, research unveiled more and more evidence for the so-called Bayesian Brain Paradigm, i.e. the human brain is interpreted as a probabilistic inference machine and Bayesian modelling approaches are hence used successfully. One…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Kevin Jasberg , Sergej Sizov

In this article, we review a class of neuro-mimetic computational models that we place under the label of spiking predictive coding. Specifically, we review the general framework of predictive processing in the context of neurons that emit…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Antony W. N'dri , William Gebhardt , Céline Teulière , Fleur Zeldenrust , Rajesh P. N. Rao , Jochen Triesch , Alexander Ororbia

Many recent studies have shown that the perception of speech can be decoded from brain signals and subsequently reconstructed as continuous language. However, there is a lack of neurological basis for how the semantic information embedded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Congchi Yin , Ziyi Ye , Piji Li

Predictive coding has emerged as a prominent model of how the brain learns through predictions, anticipating the importance accorded to predictive learning in recent AI architectures such as transformers. Here we propose a new framework for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Rajesh P. N. Rao , Dimitrios C. Gklezakos , Vishwas Sathish

Predictive coding (PC) is a biologically inspired algorithm for training neural networks that relies only on local updates, allowing parallel learning across layers. However, practical implementations face two key limitations: error signals…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Davide Casnici , Martin Lefebvre , Justin Dauwels , Charlotte Frenkel

Neuromorphic computing has come to refer to a variety of brain-inspired computers, devices, and models that contrast the pervasive von Neumann computer architecture. This biologically inspired approach has created highly connected synthetic…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-22 Catherine D. Schuman , Thomas E. Potok , Robert M. Patton , J. Douglas Birdwell , Mark E. Dean , Garrett S. Rose , James S. Plank

In this article, we propose a backpropagation-free approach to robotic control through the neuro-cognitive computational framework of neural generative coding (NGC), designing an agent built completely from powerful predictive…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Alexander Ororbia , Ankur Mali

The deep neural nets of modern artificial intelligence (AI) have not achieved defining features of biological intelligence, including abstraction, causal learning, and energy-efficiency. While scaling to larger models has delivered…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2021-05-24 Joseph D. Monaco , Kanaka Rajan , Grace M. Hwang