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Related papers: [CII] Emission in a Self-Regulated Interstellar Me…

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The circumgalactic medium (CGM) is the location where the interplay between large-scale outflows and accretion onto galaxies occurs. Metals in different ionization states flowing between the circumgalactic and intergalactic mediums are…

The wavelength range 912-2000A (hereafter far-UV) provides access to absorption lines of the interstellar medium (ISM), circumgalactic medium (CGM), and intergalactic medium (IGM) in phases spanning a wide range of ionization, density,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-19 V. Lebouteiller , D. Kunth , J. Roman-Duval , P. Richter , C. Gry , B. James , A. Aloisi

The fundamental process of star formation in galaxies involves the interplay between the fueling of star formation via molecular gas and the feedback from recently formed massive stars. This process, by which galaxies evolve, is also…

The [CII] 158 $\mu$m line is widely used to trace star formation and the gas contents of high-redshift galaxies. However, it remains unclear under which physical conditions it reliably traces the molecular reservoir, and whether a unique…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-22 Cédric Accard , Florent Renaud , Katarina Kraljic , Diana Ismail , Matthieu Béthermin , Oscar Agertz

We present [NII] 205 $\mu$m fine structure line observations of three submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) and three quasar host galaxies at 4$\lesssim$z$\lesssim$6 using the Institut de radioastronomie millim\'etrique (IRAM) interferometer. The…

Galaxy and occupies perhaps a quarter of the volume of the Galactic disk. Decoding the spectrum of the Galactic diffuse ionizing field is of fundamental interest. This can be done via direct measurements of ionization fractions of various…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-03-07 S. R. Kulkarni , Charles Beichman , Michael E. Ressler

The [CII] 158$\mu$m emission line can arise in all phases of the ISM, therefore being able to disentangle the different contributions is an important yet unresolved problem when undertaking galaxy-wide, integrated [CII] observations. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-11-23 Gioacchino Accurso , Amélie Saintonge , Thomas. G. Bisbas , Serena Viti

[Abridged] The [CII] 158um line is an important tool for understanding the life cycle of interstellar matter. Ionized carbon is present in a variety of phases of the interstellar medium, including the diffuse ionized medium, warm and cold…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-15 Jorge L. Pineda , William D. Langer , Thangasamy Velusamy , Paul F. Goldsmith

In studying the interstellar medium (ISM) and Galactic cosmic rays (CRs), uncertainty of the interstellar gas density has always been an issue. To overcome this difficulty, we used a component decomposition of the 21-cm HI line emission and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-08-31 T. Mizuno , K. Hayashi , J. Metzger , I. V. Moskalenko , E. Orlando , A. W. Strong , H. Yamamoto

We investigate the morphology of the [CII] emission in a sample of "normal" star-forming galaxies at $5<z<7.2$ in relation to their UV (rest-frame) counterpart. We use new ALMA observations of galaxies at $z\sim6-7$ as well as a careful…

The far-infrared [C II] 158 micrometer fine structure transition is considered to be a dominant coolant in the interstellar medium. For this reason, under the assumption of a thermal steady state, it may be used to infer the heating rate…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-25 Nirupam Roy , Stephan Frank , Christopher L. Carilli , Smita Mathur , Karl M. Menten , Arthur M. Wolfe

Context: The emission line of [CII] at 158 micron is one of the strongest cooling lines of the interstellar medium (ISM) in galaxies. Aims: Disentangling the relative contributions of the different ISM phases to [CII] emission, is a major…

We analyse synthetic maps of the [CII] 158 $\mu$m line and FIR continuum of simulated molecular clouds (MCs) within the SILCC-Zoom project to study the origin of the [CII] deficit, i.e., the drop in the [CII]/FIR intensity ratio. All…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-12-04 Stefano Ebagezio , Daniel Seifried , Stefanie Walch , Thomas G. Bisbas

We study the clustering properties of metals in the intergalactic medium (IGM) as traced by 619 CIV, 81 SiIV, N >= 10^12 cm^-2 and 316 MgII, and 82 FeII N >= 10^11.5 cm^-2 absorption components in 19 high signal-to-noise (60-100 per pixel),…

We study the relationship between the [CII] emission and the star formation rate (SFR) in the Galactic plane and separate the relationship of different ISM phases to the SFR. We compare these relationships to those in external galaxies and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-05 Jorge L. Pineda , William D. Langer , Paul F. Goldsmith

[Abridged] The [OIII]$_{88\mu m}$/[CII]$_{158\mu m}$ and [OIII]$_{88\mu m}$/[NII]$_{122\mu m}$ luminosity ratios have shown to be promising tracers of the ionisation state and gas-phase metallicity of the ISM. Observations of galaxies at…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-10-29 Camilla T. Nyhagen , Alice Schimek , Claudia Cicone , Davide Decataldo , Sijing Shen

The [CII] 158$\mu$m fine-structure line is the dominant cooling line of moderate-density photodissociation regions (PDRs) illuminated by moderately bright far-ultraviolet (FUV) radiation fields. We aim to understand the origin of [CII]…

In this paper we use a number of observations to construct an integrated picture of the ionisation in the interiors of quiescent warm opaque interstellar clouds and in the intercloud medium (ICM) outside dense HII regions and hot dilute…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 D. W. Sciama

The atomic CII fine-structure line is one of the brightest lines in a typical star-forming galaxy spectrum with a luminosity ~ 0.1% to 1% of the bolometric luminosity. It is potentially a reliable tracer of the dense gas distribution at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Yan Gong , Asantha Cooray , Marta Silva , Mario G. Santos , James Bock , C. Matt Bradford , Michael Zemcov

Because the 157.74 micron [C II] line is the dominant coolant of star-forming regions, it is often used to infer the global star-formation rates of galaxies. By characterizing the [C II] and far-infrared emission from nearby Galactic…