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Owing to its fundamental principles, quantum theory holds the promise to enhance the security of modern cryptography, from message encryption to anonymous communication, digital signatures, online banking, leader election, one-time…
Quantum computation represents a threat to many cryptographic protocols in operation today. It has been estimated that by 2035, there will exist a quantum computer capable of breaking the vital cryptographic scheme RSA2048. Blockchain…
Quantum computing is emerging as a significant threat to information protected by widely used cryptographic systems. Cryptographic methods, once deemed secure for decades, are now at risk of being compromised, posing a massive threat to the…
Quantum-resistant cryptography is cryptography that aims to deliver cryptographic functions and protocols that remain secure even if large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers are built. NIST will soon announce the first selected…
The transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) presents significant challenges for certificate-based identity management in industrial environments, where secure onboarding of devices relies on long-lived and interoperable credentials.…
Quantum Computing (QC) threatens the cryptographic foundations of Cloud Computing (CC), exposing distributed infrastructures to novel attack vectors. This survey provides comprehensive analysis of quantum-safe cloud security, examining…
With the proliferation of decentralized applications (DApps), the conflict between the transparency of blockchain technology and user data privacy has become increasingly prominent. While Decentralized Identity (DID) and Verifiable…
In the context of cloud computing, services are held on cloud servers, where the clients send their data to the server and obtain the results returned by server. However, the computation, data and results are prone to tampering due to the…
Digital signatures are fundamental cryptographic primitives that ensure the authenticity and integrity of digital documents. In the post-quantum era, classical public key-based signature schemes become vulnerable to brute-force and…
The impending arrival of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) threatens the security foundations of modern software: Shor's algorithm breaks RSA, ECDSA, ECDH, and Diffie-Hellman, while Grover's algorithm reduces the…
Traditional and lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols are insecure against quantum attacks. Thus, a real-time application using traditional or lightweight cryptography primitives and protocols does not ensure full-proof…
Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is becoming essential for securing Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems against quantum-enabled adversaries. However, existing evaluation approaches primarily focus on isolated…
Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) are a cryptographic primitive that allows a prover to demonstrate knowledge of a secret value to a verifier without revealing anything about the secret itself. ZKPs have shown to be an extremely powerful tool,…
In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing technology has posed potential security threats to RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published…
This paper provides an in-depth review of the evolving role of quantum computing in the financial sector, emphasizing both its computational potential and cybersecurity implications. Distinguishing itself from existing surveys, this work…
Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a wireless communication technology that enables a wide range of applications, from smart cities to industrial automation. As a part of the 5G extension, NB-IoT promises to connect billions of…
The emergence of large-scale quantum computing threatens widely deployed public-key cryptographic systems, creating an urgent need for enterprise-level methods to assess post-quantum (PQ) readiness. While PQ standards are under development,…
Cloud computing has made storing and accessing data easier but keeping it secure is a big challenge nowadays. Traditional methods of ensuring data may not be strong enough in the future when powerful quantum computers become available. To…
Some of our current public key methods use a trap door to implement digital signature methods. This includes the RSA method, which uses Fermat's little theorem to support the creation and verification of a digital signature. The problem…
The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to many current security algorithms used for secure communication, digital authentication, and information encryption. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could…