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Deploying machine learning models in safety-critical domains poses a key challenge: ensuring reliable model performance on downstream user data without access to ground truth labels for direct validation. We propose the suitability filter,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Angéline Pouget , Mohammad Yaghini , Stephan Rabanser , Nicolas Papernot

There has been significant research done on developing methods for improving robustness to distributional shift and uncertainty estimation. In contrast, only limited work has examined developing standard datasets and benchmarks for…

Data-Augmentation (DA) is known to improve performance across tasks and datasets. We propose a method to theoretically analyze the effect of DA and study questions such as: how many augmented samples are needed to correctly estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Randall Balestriero , Ishan Misra , Yann LeCun

Despite achieving excellent performance on benchmarks, deep neural networks often underperform in real-world deployment due to sensitivity to minor, often imperceptible shifts in input data, known as distributional shifts. These shifts are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Birk Torpmann-Hagen , Pål Halvorsen , Michael A. Riegler , Dag Johansen

The COVID-19 virus has caused a global pandemic since March 2020. The World Health Organization (WHO) has provided guidelines on how to reduce the spread of the virus and one of the most important measures is social distancing. Maintaining…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Mert Seker , Anssi Männistö , Alexandros Iosifidis , Jenni Raitoharju

Most machine learning methods assume that the input data distribution is the same in the training and testing phases. However, in practice, this stationarity is usually not met and the distribution of inputs differs, leading to unexpected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Firas Bayram , Bestoun S. Ahmed

Imitation learning models for robotic tasks typically rely on multi-modal inputs, such as RGB images, language, and proprioceptive states. While proprioception is intuitively important for decision-making and obstacle avoidance, simply…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Fuhang Kuang , Jiacheng You , Yingdong Hu , Tong Zhang , Chuan Wen , Yang Gao

An interesting phenomenon arises: Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) sometimes outperforms methods specifically designed for out-of-distribution tasks. This motivates an investigation into the reasons behind such behavior beyond algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hong Zheng , Fei Teng

Making predictions that are fair with regard to protected group membership (race, gender, age, etc.) has become an important requirement for classification algorithms. Existing techniques derive a fair model from sampled labeled data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Ashkan Rezaei , Anqi Liu , Omid Memarrast , Brian Ziebart

Calibration is crucial in deep learning applications, especially in fields like healthcare and autonomous driving, where accurate confidence estimates are vital for decision-making. However, deep neural networks often suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Linwei Tao , Haolan Guo , Minjing Dong , Chang Xu

Many important computer vision applications are naturally formulated as regression problems. Within medical imaging, accurate regression models have the potential to automate various tasks, helping to lower costs and improve patient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Martin Danelljan , Thomas B. Schön

This paper focuses on the problem of unbounded density ratio estimation -- an understudied yet critical challenge in statistical learning -- and its application to covariate shift adaptation. Much of the existing literature assumes that the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-01 Ren-Rui Liu , Jun Fan , Lei Shi , Zheng-Chu Guo

Domain shift remains a key challenge in deploying machine learning models to the real world. Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) aims to address this by minimising domain discrepancy during training, but the discrepancy estimates suffer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Andrea Napoli , Paul White

Predictive models are typically trained on historical data to predict future outcomes. While it is commonly assumed that training on more historical data would improve model performance and robustness, data distribution shifts over time may…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Chengyuan Yao , Yunxuan Tang , Christopher Brooks , Rene F. Kizilcec , Renzhe Yu

This paper studies the robustness of estimated policy effects to changes in the distribution of covariates, a key determinant of the external validity of (quasi)-experimental results. I propose a novel robustness metric $\delta^*$ which…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-27 Pietro Emilio Spini

Accurately estimating the proportion of true signals among a large number of variables is crucial for enhancing the precision and reliability of scientific research. Traditional signal proportion estimators often assume independence among…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-15 Jingtian Bai , Xinge Jessie Jeng

Statistical machine learning methods often face the challenge of limited data available from the population of interest. One remedy is to leverage data from auxiliary source populations, which share some conditional distributions or are…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-11 Hongxiang Qiu , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen , Edgar Dobriban

This paper examines covariate effects on fused whole body biometrics performance in the IARPA BRIAR dataset, specifically focusing on UAV platforms, elevated positions, and distances up to 1000 meters. The dataset includes outdoor videos…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 David S. Bolme , Deniz Aykac , Ryan Shivers , Joel Brogan , Nell Barber , Bob Zhang , Laura Davies , David Cornett

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an effective approach to mitigate performance degradation of trained models when encountering input distribution shifts at test time. However, existing TTA methods often suffer significant performance drops…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Minguk Jang , Hye Won Chung

Conformal prediction has emerged as a rigorous means of providing deep learning models with reliable uncertainty estimates and safety guarantees. Yet, its performance is known to degrade under distribution shift and long-tailed class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Kevin Kasa , Graham W. Taylor