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Quantum computing devices can now perform sampling tasks which, according to complexity-theoretic and numerical evidence, are beyond the reach of classical computers. This raises the question of how one can efficiently verify that a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 David Gross , Dominik Hangleiter

Recently, quantum computing experiments have for the first time exceeded the capability of classical computers to perform certain computations -- a milestone termed "quantum computational advantage." However, verifying the output of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Gregory D. Kahanamoku-Meyer

Quantum cloud computing is emerging as a popular model for users to experience the power of quantum computing through the internet, enabling quantum computing as a service. The question is, when the scale of the computational problems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-21 Man-Hong Yung , Bin Cheng

A key issue of current quantum advantage experiments is that their verification requires a full classical simulation of the ideal computation. This limits the regime in which the experiments can be verified to precisely the regime in which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Abhinav Deshpande , Bill Fefferman , Soumik Ghosh , Michael Gullans , Dominik Hangleiter

Between NISQ (noisy intermediate scale quantum) approaches without any proof of robust quantum advantage and fully fault-tolerant quantum computation, we propose a scheme to achieve a provable superpolynomial quantum advantage (under some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Louis Paletta , Anthony Leverrier , Alain Sarlette , Mazyar Mirrahimi , Christophe Vuillot

The instantaneous quantum polynomial time model (or the IQP model) is one of promising models to demonstrate a quantum computational advantage over classical computers. If the IQP model can be efficiently simulated by a classical computer,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Masahito Hayashi , Yuki Takeuchi

The class of commuting quantum circuits known as IQP (instantaneous quantum polynomial-time) has been shown to be hard to simulate classically, assuming certain complexity-theoretic conjectures. Here we study the power of IQP circuits in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-26 Michael J. Bremner , Ashley Montanaro , Dan J. Shepherd

Achieving quantum computational advantage requires solving a classically intractable problem on a quantum device. Natural proposals rely upon the intrinsic hardness of classically simulating quantum mechanics; however, verifying the output…

Sampling from the output distributions of quantum computations comprising only commuting gates, known as instantaneous quantum polynomial (IQP) computations, is believed to be intractable for classical computers, and hence this task has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-07 Joel Rajakumar , James D. Watson , Yi-Kai Liu

Quantum samplers are believed capable of sampling efficiently from distributions that are classically hard to sample from. We consider a sampler inspired by the classical Ising model. It is nonadaptive and therefore experimentally amenable.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-17 Theodoros Kapourniotis , Animesh Datta

Quantum computers are now on the brink of outperforming their classical counterparts. One way to demonstrate the advantage of quantum computation is through quantum random sampling performed on quantum computing devices. However, existing…

Establishing an advantage for (white-box) computations by a quantum computer against its classical counterpart is currently a key goal for the quantum computation community. A quantum advantage is achieved once a certain computational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-06 Dmitri Maslov , Sergey Bravyi , Felix Tripier , Andrii Maksymov , Joe Latone

In recent years, achieving verifiable quantum advantage on a NISQ device has emerged as an important open problem in quantum information. The sampling-based quantum advantages are not known to have efficient verification methods. This paper…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Nai-Hui Chia , Honghao Fu , Fang Song , Penghui Yao

Sampling problems have emerged as a central avenue for demonstrating quantum advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. However, physical noise can fundamentally alter their computational complexity, often making them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-07 Sojeong Park , Changhun Oh

Recently, there are more and more organizations offering quantum-cloud services, where any client can access a quantum computer remotely through the internet. In the near future, these cloud servers may claim to offer quantum computing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Xi Chen , Bin Cheng , Zhaokai Li , Xinfang Nie , Nengkun Yu , Man-Hong Yung , Xinhua Peng

Solving real-time quadratic programming (QP) is a ubiquitous task in control engineering, such as in model predictive control and control barrier function-based QP. In such real-time scenarios, certifying that the employed QP algorithm can…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-17 Liang Wu , Wei Xiao , Richard D. Braatz

As research on building scalable quantum computers advances, it is important to be able to certify their correctness. Due to the exponential hardness of classically simulating quantum computation, straight-forward verification through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-23 Iskren Vankov , Daniel Mills , Petros Wallden , Elham Kashefi

Quantum Supremacy is a demonstration of a computation by a quantum computer that can not be performed by the best classical computer in a reasonable time. A well-studied approach to demonstrating this on near-term quantum computers is to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Julien Codsi , John van de Wetering

As quantum machine learning continues to develop at a rapid pace, the importance of ensuring the robustness and efficiency of quantum algorithms cannot be overstated. Our research presents an analysis of quantum randomized smoothing, how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Nicola Franco , Marie Kempkes , Jakob Spiegelberg , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Realizing computationally complex quantum circuits in the presence of noise and imperfections is a challenging task. While fault-tolerant quantum computing provides a route to reducing noise, it requires a large overhead for generic…

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