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Graph Foundation Models (GFMs) are emerging as a significant research topic in the graph domain, aiming to develop graph models trained on extensive and diverse data to enhance their applicability across various tasks and domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Haitao Mao , Zhikai Chen , Wenzhuo Tang , Jianan Zhao , Yao Ma , Tong Zhao , Neil Shah , Mikhail Galkin , Jiliang Tang

The growing importance of textual and relational systems has driven interest in enhancing large language models (LLMs) for graph-structured data, particularly Text-Attributed Graphs (TAGs), where samples are represented by textual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuanfu Sun , Zhengnan Ma , Yi Fang , Jing Ma , Qiaoyu Tan

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) are prevalent on the web and research over TAGs such as citation networks, e-commerce networks and social networks has attracted considerable attention in the web community. Recently, large language models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Yijian Qin , Xin Wang , Ziwei Zhang , Wenwu Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized the field of natural language processing, but they fall short in comprehending biological sequences such as proteins. To address this challenge, we propose InstructProtein, an innovative LLM…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2023-10-06 Zeyuan Wang , Qiang Zhang , Keyan Ding , Ming Qin , Xiang Zhuang , Xiaotong Li , Huajun Chen

Graphs can model complex relationships between objects, enabling a myriad of Web applications such as online page/article classification and social recommendation. While graph neural networks(GNNs) have emerged as a powerful tool for graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Zemin Liu , Xingtong Yu , Yuan Fang , Xinming Zhang

Programming languages possess rich semantic information - such as data flow - that is represented by graphs and not available from the surface form of source code. Recent code language models have scaled to billions of parameters, but model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Ziyin Zhang , Hang Yu , Shijie Li , Peng Di , Jianguo Li , Rui Wang

Graphs are a powerful data structure to represent relational data and are widely used to describe complex real-world data structures. Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs) have been well-developed in the past years to mathematically model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chenqing Hua , Sitao Luan , Qian Zhang , Jie Fu

Despite the strong abilities, large language models (LLMs) still suffer from hallucinations and reliance on outdated knowledge, raising concerns in knowledge-intensive tasks. Graph-based retrieval-augmented generation (GRAG) enriches LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Derong Xu , Pengyue Jia , Xiaopeng Li , Yingyi Zhang , Maolin Wang , Qidong Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yichao Wang , Huifeng Guo , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen , Tong Xu

E-learning environments are increasingly harnessing large language models (LLMs) like GPT-3.5 and GPT-4 for tailored educational support. This study introduces an approach that integrates dynamic knowledge graphs with LLMs to offer nuanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Patrick Ocheja , Brendan Flanagan , Yiling Dai , Hiroaki Ogata

Causal structure discovery from observations can be improved by integrating background knowledge provided by an expert to reduce the hypothesis space. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have begun to be considered as sources of prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Victor-Alexandru Darvariu , Stephen Hailes , Mirco Musolesi

Graphs provide a natural description of the complex relationships among objects, and play a pivotal role in communications, transportation, social computing, the life sciences, etc. Currently, there is strong agreement that Graph Foundation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Philip S. Yu , Li Sun

Recommendation systems aim to provide users with relevant suggestions, but often lack interpretability and fail to capture higher-level semantic relationships between user behaviors and profiles. In this paper, we propose a novel approach…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Yan Wang , Zhixuan Chu , Xin Ouyang , Simeng Wang , Hongyan Hao , Yue Shen , Jinjie Gu , Siqiao Xue , James Y Zhang , Qing Cui , Longfei Li , Jun Zhou , Sheng Li

Recent studies seek to provide Graph Neural Network (GNN) interpretability via multiple unsupervised learning models. Due to the scarcity of datasets, current methods easily suffer from learning bias. To solve this problem, we embed a Large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Jiaxing Zhang , Jiayi Liu , Dongsheng Luo , Jennifer Neville , Hua Wei

Graph-structured data pervades domains such as social networks, biological systems, knowledge graphs, and recommender systems. While foundation models have transformed natural language processing, vision, and multimodal learning through…

Large language models (LLMs) have become a popular approach for simulating human behaviors, yet it remains unclear if LLMs are necessary for all simulation tasks. We study a broad family of close-ended simulation tasks, with applications…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Joseph Suh , Suhong Moon , Serina Chang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in aligning and understanding multimodal signals, yet their potential to reason over structured data, where multimodal entities are connected through explicit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Jiajin Liu , Dongzhe Fan , Chuanhao Ji , Daochen Zha , Qiaoyu Tan

Spectral Graph Neural Networks (SGNNs) have achieved remarkable performance in tasks such as node classification due to their ability to learn flexible filters. Typically, these filters are learned under the supervision of downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Kangkang Lu , Yanhua Yu , Zhiyong Huang , Tat-Seng Chua

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are widely adopted in Web-related applications, serving as a core technique for learning from graph-structured data, such as text-attributed graphs. Yet in real-world scenarios, such graphs exhibit deficiencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Zhaoyan Wang , Zheng Gao , Arogya Kharel , In-Young Ko

The remarkable reasoning and generalization capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have paved the way for their expanding applications in embodied AI, robotics, and other real-world tasks. To effectively support these applications,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Dongil Yang , Minjin Kim , Sunghwan Kim , Beong-woo Kwak , Minjun Park , Jinseok Hong , Woontack Woo , Jinyoung Yeo

Large language models (LLMs) have recently soared in popularity due to their ease of access and the unprecedented ability to synthesize text responses to diverse user questions. However, LLMs like ChatGPT present significant limitations in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Peiling Jiang , Jude Rayan , Steven P. Dow , Haijun Xia