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We often try to predict others' actions by obtaining supporting information that shows a preference index of surrounding people. In order to reproduce these situations, we propose a game named "One-sided Preference Game with Reference…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Riho Kawaguchi , Daichi Yanagisawa , Katsuhiro Nishinari

For AI systems to be useful to humans, they must understand and act in accordance with our values and preferences. Since specifying preferences is a hard task, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) aims to develop methods that allow for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Karim Abdel Sadek , Mark Bedaywi , Rhys Gould , Stuart Russell

Strategic decision-making in uncertain and adversarial environments is crucial for the security of modern systems and infrastructures. A salient feature of many optimal decision-making policies is a level of unpredictability, or randomness,…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Keith Paarporn , Rahul Chandan , Dan Kovenock , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Jason R. Marden

Active inference proposes expected free energy as an objective for planning and decision-making to adequately balance exploitative and explorative drives in learning agents. The exploitative drive, or what an agent wants to achieve, is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Filippo Torresan , Ryota Kanai , Manuel Baltieri

We consider reallocation problems in settings where the initial endowment of each agent consists of a subset of the resources. The private information of the players is their value for every possible subset of the resources. The goal is to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Liad Blumrosen , Shahar Dobzinski

The multi-armed bandit is a concise model for the problem of iterated decision-making under uncertainty. In each round, a gambler must pull one of $K$ arms of a slot machine, without any foreknowledge of their payouts, except that they are…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Varsha Dani , Thomas P. Hayes

Addressing the question of how to achieve optimal decision-making under risk and uncertainty is crucial for enhancing the capabilities of artificial agents that collaborate with or support humans. In this work, we address this question in…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Nicole Orzan , Erman Acar , Davide Grossi , Patrick Mannion , Roxana Rădulescu

We consider n agents located on the vertices of a connected graph. Each agent v receives a signal X_v(0)~N(s, 1) where s is an unknown quantity. A natural iterative way of estimating s is to perform the following procedure. At iteration t +…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-07-13 Elchanan Mossel , Omer Tamuz

We consider the problem of using logged data to make predictions about what would happen if we changed the `rules of the game' in a multi-agent system. This task is difficult because in many cases we observe actions individuals take but not…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Alexander Peysakhovich , Christian Kroer , Adam Lerer

Assistive multi-armed bandit problems can be used to model team situations between a human and an autonomous system like a domestic service robot. To account for human biases such as the risk-aversion described in the Cumulative Prospect…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Michael Koller , Timothy Patten , Markus Vincze

Gambits are central to human decision-making. Our goal is to provide a theory of Gambits. A Gambit is a combination of psychological and technical factors designed to disrupt predictable play. Chess provides an environment to study gambits…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2022-04-14 Shiva Maharaj , Nicholas Polson , Christian Turk

Game theory provides a quantitative framework for analyzing the behavior of rational agents. The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma in particular has become a standard model for studying cooperation and cheating, with cooperation often emerging as…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-18 Alexander J. Stewart , Joshua B. Plotkin

We consider the problem of Adverse Selection and optimal derivative design within a Principal-Agent framework. The principal's income is exposed to non-hedgeable risk factors arising, for instance, from weather or climate phenomena. She…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2007-10-31 U. Horst , S. Moreno

An important but understudied question in economics is how people choose when facing uncertainty in the timing of events. Here we study preferences over time lotteries, in which the payment amount is certain but the payment time is…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2021-08-20 Yonatan Berman , Mark Kirstein

In general-sum games, the interaction of self-interested learning agents commonly leads to socially worse outcomes, such as defect-defect in the iterated stag hunt (ISH). Previous works address this challenge by sharing rewards or shaping…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Ziyi Liu , Yongchun Fang

We present a simple game which mimics the complex dynamics found in most natural and social systems. Intelligent players modify their strategies periodically, depending on their performances. We propose that the agents use hybridized…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Marko Sysi-Aho , Anirban Chakraborti , Kimmo Kaski

This paper studies a risk-sensitive decision-making problem under uncertainty. It considers a decision-making process that unfolds over a fixed number of stages, in which a decision-maker chooses among multiple alternatives, some of which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-07 Chung-Han Hsieh , Yi-Shan Wong

In an iterated game between two players, there is much interest in characterizing the set of feasible payoffs for both players when one player uses a fixed strategy and the other player is free to switch. Such characterizations have led to…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-02-18 Alex McAvoy , Martin A. Nowak

Typical models of learning assume incremental estimation of continuously-varying decision variables like expected rewards. However, this class of models fails to capture more idiosyncratic, discrete heuristics and strategies that people and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Carlos G. Correa , Thomas L. Griffiths , Nathaniel D. Daw

Autonomous agents powered by large language models (LLMs) enable novel use cases in domains where responsible action is increasingly important. Yet the inherent unpredictability of LLMs raises safety concerns about agent reliability. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Jan Chojnacki