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Fine-tuning transformer models after unsupervised pre-training reaches a very high performance on many different natural language processing tasks. Unfortunately, transformers suffer from long inference times which greatly increases costs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-30 David Peer , Sebastian Stabinger , Stefan Engl , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez

Humans can retain old knowledge while learning new information, but Large Language Models (LLMs) often suffer from catastrophic forgetting when post-pretrained or supervised fine-tuned (SFT) on domain-specific data. Moreover, for Multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Zilun Zhang , Yutao Sun , Tiancheng Zhao , Leigang Sha , Ruochen Xu , Kyusong Lee , Jianwei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in text-to-SQL, which involves translating natural language questions into SQL queries. However, current text-to-SQL LLMs are computationally expensive and challenging to deploy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Qihuang Zhong , Kunfeng Chen , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been extensively researched and used in both academia and industry since the rise in popularity of the Transformer model, which demonstrates excellent performance in AI. However, the computational demands…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jiedong Lang , Zhehao Guo , Shuyu Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in reasoning tasks through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting. However, CoT prompting greatly increases computational demands, which has prompted growing interest in distilling CoT capabilities into Small…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xinghao Chen , Zhijing Sun , Wenjin Guo , Miaoran Zhang , Yanjun Chen , Yirong Sun , Hui Su , Yijie Pan , Dietrich Klakow , Wenjie Li , Xiaoyu Shen

This work studies knowledge distillation (KD) and addresses its constraints for recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) models. In hard distillation, a teacher model transcribes large amounts of unlabelled speech to train a student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Mohammad Zeineldeen , Kartik Audhkhasi , Murali Karthick Baskar , Bhuvana Ramabhadran

Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models achieve state-of-the-art performance on many translation benchmarks. As an active research field in NMT, knowledge distillation is widely applied to enhance the model's performance by transferring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Fusheng Wang , Jianhao Yan , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou

Large language models can be quantized to reduce inference time latency, model size, and energy consumption, thereby delivering a better user experience at lower cost. A challenge exists to deliver quantized models with minimal loss of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Steven K. Esser , Jeffrey L. McKinstry , Deepika Bablani , Rathinakumar Appuswamy , Dharmendra S. Modha

Federated learning (FL) for large language models (LLMs) offers a privacy-preserving scheme, enabling clients to collaboratively fine-tune locally deployed LLMs or smaller language models (SLMs) without exchanging raw data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinlu Zhang , Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Toktam Mahmoodi

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) have dominated language modeling because of their superior performance over traditional N-gram based models. In many applications, a large Recurrent Neural Network language model (RNNLM) or an ensemble of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-09 Yangyang Shi , Mei-Yuh Hwang , Xin Lei , Haoyu Sheng

Knowledge distillation is an effective technique for pre-trained language model compression. Although existing knowledge distillation methods perform well for the most typical model BERT, they could be further improved in two aspects: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Ying Zhang , Ziheng Yang , Shufan Ji

Knowledge distillation (KD) aims to distill the knowledge from the teacher (larger) to the student (smaller) model via soft-label for the efficient neural network. In general, the performance of a model is determined by accuracy, which is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-25 Stephen Ekaputra Limantoro

Many organizations lack computational resources to fine-tune large language models (LLMs) on private (unshareable) data for better utility, while fine-tuning tiny language models (TinyLMs) alone performs poorly. To address this bottleneck,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Binh-Nguyen Nguyen , Khang Tran , NhatHai Phan , Issa Khalil

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) generate text representative of diverse sub-populations is essential, particularly when key concepts related to under-represented groups are scarce in the training data. We address this challenge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sabit Hassan , Anthony Sicilia , Malihe Alikhani

Layer-wise distillation is a powerful tool to compress large models (i.e. teacher models) into small ones (i.e., student models). The student distills knowledge from the teacher by mimicking the hidden representations of the teacher at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Chen Liang , Simiao Zuo , Qingru Zhang , Pengcheng He , Weizhu Chen , Tuo Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced various natural language processing tasks, but deploying them remains computationally expensive. Knowledge distillation (KD) is a promising solution, enabling the transfer of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yuhang Zhou , Jing Zhu , Paiheng Xu , Xiaoyu Liu , Xiyao Wang , Danai Koutra , Wei Ai , Furong Huang

Knowledge distillation in machine learning is the process of transferring knowledge from a large model called the teacher to a smaller model called the student. Knowledge distillation is one of the techniques to compress the large network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Durga Prasad Ganta , Himel Das Gupta , Victor S. Sheng

The remarkable performance of the pre-trained language model (LM) using self-supervised learning has led to a major paradigm shift in the study of natural language processing. In line with these changes, leveraging the performance of speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Mun-Hak Lee , Joon-Hyuk Chang

Recent advances in knowledge distillation (KD) predominantly emphasize feature-level knowledge transfer, frequently overlooking critical information embedded within the teacher's logit distributions. In this paper, we revisit logit-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Qi Wang , Jinjia Zhou

Despite exciting progress in pre-training for visual-linguistic (VL) representations, very few aspire to a small VL model. In this paper, we study knowledge distillation (KD) to effectively compress a transformer-based large VL model into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Zhiyuan Fang , Jianfeng Wang , Xiaowei Hu , Lijuan Wang , Yezhou Yang , Zicheng Liu