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We propose a new semi-analytic physics informed neural network (PINN) to solve singularly perturbed boundary value problems. The PINN is a scientific machine learning framework that offers a promising perspective for finding numerical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-22 Gung-Min Gie , Youngjoon Hong , Chang-Yeol Jung

Physics-informed neural network (PINN) is a data-driven solver for partial and ordinary differential equations(ODEs/PDEs). It provides a unified framework to address both forward and inverse problems. However, the complexity of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Abdul Hannan Mustajab , Hao Lyu , Zarghaam Rizvi , Frank Wuttke

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are mesh-free approaches for the numerical approximation of partial differential equations, where a neural network is trained by minimizing a loss function derived from the governing equations and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Medard Govoeyi , Thomas Richter

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a promising deep learning framework for approximating numerical solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, conventional PINNs, relying on multilayer perceptrons…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Zhiyuan Zhao , Xueying Ding , B. Aditya Prakash

In this study, we present and validate the predictive capability of the Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) methodology for solving a variety of engineering and biological dynamical systems governed by ordinary differential equations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Tyrus Whitman , Andrew Particka , Christopher Diers , Ian Griffin , Charuka Wickramasinghe , Pradeep Ranaweera

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks encoding the problem governing equations, such as Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a part of the neural network. PINNs have emerged as a new essential tool to solve various…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Stefano Markidis

Learning the solution of partial differential equations (PDEs) with a neural network is an attractive alternative to traditional solvers due to its elegance, greater flexibility and the ease of incorporating observed data. However, training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Katsiaryna Haitsiukevich , Alexander Ilin

This work addresses the development of a physics-informed neural network (PINN) with a loss term derived from a discretized time-dependent reduced-order system. In this work, first, the governing equations are discretized using a finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-01-30 Rahul Halder , Giovanni Stabile , Gianluigi Rozza

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have attracted attention as an alternative approach to solve partial differential equations using a deep neural network (DNN). Their simplicity and capability allow them to solve inverse problems for…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-12-24 Ryuta Takao , Satoshi Ii

Approximating solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs) is fundamental for the modeling of dynamical systems in science and engineering. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are a recent machine learning-based approach, for…

The utilization of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) in physical science and engineering applications has gained traction due to their capacity to learn intricate functions. While large datasets are crucial for training DNN models in fields like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Vamsi Sai Krishna Malineni , Suresh Rajendran

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as an alternative way of solving partial differential equations (PDEs) without the need of building elaborate grids, instead, using a straightforward implementation. In…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-09-04 Dongkun Zhang , Lu Lu , Ling Guo , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve physical systems by incorporating governing partial differential equations directly into neural network training. In electromagnetism, where well-established methodologies such as FDTD and FEM…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-02-13 Nilufer K. Bulut

We explore the capability of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to discover multiple solutions. Many real-world phenomena governed by nonlinear differential equations (DEs), such as fluid flow, exhibit multiple solutions under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zongren Zou , Zhicheng Wang , George Em Karniadakis

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a major research focus. However, today's PINNs encounter several limitations. Firstly, during the construction of the loss function using automatic differentiation, PINNs often…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Chang Wei , Yuchen Fan , Jian Cheng Wong , Chin Chun Ooi , Heyang Wang , Pao-Hsiung Chiu

Although physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown great potential in dealing with nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), it is common that PINNs will suffer from the problem of insufficient precision or obtaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Min Xia

Neural architectures trained with losses inspired by differential conditions are the basis for PINN models. Since many constructions in differential geometry may be framed as minimisation of a differential functional, these functionals can…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Edward Hirst

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws directly into the loss function. However, as a fundamental optimization issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Feilong Jiang , Xiaonan Hou , Jianqiao Ye , Min Xia

This paper proposes a meshless deep learning algorithm, enriched physics-informed neural networks (EPINNs), to solve dynamic Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations with strong coupling and nonlinear characteristics. The EPINNs takes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Xujia Huang , Fajie Wang , Benrong Zhang , Hanqing Liu