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Near term quantum computers suffer from the presence of different noise sources. In order to mitigate for this effect and acquire results with significantly better accuracy, there is the urge of designing efficient error correction or error…

The quantum approximate optimization algorithm (QAOA) is an appealing proposal to solve NP problems on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware. Making NISQ implementations of the QAOA resilient to noise requires short ansatz…

Developing methods to accurately characterize and mitigate the impact of noise is crucial for enhancing the fidelity of quantum simulations on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. In this work, we present a circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-11 Ruizhe Shen , Tianqi Chen , Ching Hua Lee

Quantum computing has made significant advancements in the last years in both hardware and software. Unfortunately, the currently available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) hardware is still heavily affected by noise. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Tobias Forster , Nils Quetschlich , Robert Wille

Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) enables the extraction of high-quality results from the presently-available noisy quantum computers. In this approach, the effect of the noise on observables of interest can be mitigated using multiple…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-23 Ivan Henao , Jader P. Santos , Raam Uzdin

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is critical for harnessing the potential of near-term quantum devices. Particularly, QEM protocols can be designed based on machine learning, where the mapping between noisy computational outputs and ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-13 Ruiqi Zhang , Yuguo Shao , Fuchuan Wei , Song Cheng , Zhaohui Wei , Zhengwei Liu

Higher-dimensional quantum systems (qudits) offer advantages in information encoding, error resilience, and compact gate implementations, and naturally arise in platforms such as superconducting and solid-state systems. However, realistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-17 Yule Mayevsky , Akram Youssry , Ritik Sareen , Gerardo A. Paz-Silva , Alberto Peruzzo

Virtual distillation is an error-mitigation technique that reduces quantum-computation errors without assuming the noise type. In scenarios where the user of a quantum circuit is required to additionally employ peripherals, such as delay…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-04 Yong Siah Teo , Seongwook Shin , Hyukgun Kwon , Seok-Hyung Lee , Hyunseok Jeong

Quantum Computing aims to streamline machine learning, making it more effective with fewer trainable parameters. This reduction of parameters can speed up the learning process and reduce the use of computational resources. However, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Michael Kölle , Timo Witter , Tobias Rohe , Gerhard Stenzel , Philipp Altmann , Thomas Gabor

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) combine the advantages of classical optimization and quantum computation, making them one of the most promising approaches in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era. However, when optimized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Zhehao Yi , Rahul Bhadani

Noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices impose dual challenges on quantum circuit execution: limited qubit connectivity requires extensive SWAP-gate routing, while time-dependent decoherence progressively degrades quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yifei Huang , Pascal Jahan Elahi , Ugo Varetto , Kan He , Jinchuan Hou , Shusen Liu

In the current era of Noisy Intermediate Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing, efficient digital simulation of quantum systems holds significant importance for quantum algorithm development, verification and validation. However, analysis of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-03 Srikar Chundury , Jiajia Li , In-Saeng Suh , Frank Mueller

Transpilation, particularly noise-aware optimization, is widely regarded as essential for maximizing the performance of quantum circuits on superconducting quantum computers. The common wisdom is that each circuit should be transpiled using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Yuqian Huo , Jinbiao Wei , Christopher Kverne , Mayur Akewar , Janki Bhimani , Tirthak Patel

We propose a random circuit model to analyze the impact of noise on the performance of variational quantum circuits for classical optimization problems. Our model accounts for the propagation of arbitrary single qubit errors through the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-07 Guillermo González-García , Rahul Trivedi , J. Ignacio Cirac

The execution of quantum circuits on real systems has largely been limited to those which are simply time-ordered sequences of unitary operations followed by a projective measurement. As hardware platforms for quantum computing continue to…

A significant hurdle in the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era is identifying functional quantum circuits. These circuits must also adhere to the constraints imposed by current quantum hardware limitations. Variational quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-03 Akash Kundu

Quantum computing hardware is affected by quantum noise that undermine the quality of results of an executed quantum program. Amongst other quantum noises, coherent error that caused by parameter drifting and miscalibration, remains…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xiangyu Ren , Junjie Wan , Zhiding Liang , Antonio Barbalace

If NISQ-era quantum computers are to perform useful tasks, they will need to employ powerful error mitigation techniques. Quasi-probability methods can permit perfect error compensation at the cost of additional circuit executions, provided…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-14 Armands Strikis , Dayue Qin , Yanzhu Chen , Simon C. Benjamin , Ying Li

Quantum computing has made substantial progress in recent years; however, its scalability remains constrained on a monolithic quantum processing unit (QPU). Distributed quantum computing (DQC) offers a pathway by coordinating multiple QPUs…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sen Zhang , Lingjun Xiong , Yipie Liu , Brian L. Mark , Lei Yang , Zebo Yang , Weiwen Jiang

Superconducting quantum computing technology has ushered in a new era of computational possibilities. While a considerable research effort has been geared toward improving the quantum technology and building the software stack to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-03 Tirthak Patel , Devesh Tiwari
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