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The migration to post-quantum cryptography is urgent for Internet of Things devices with 10--20 year lifespans, yet no systematic benchmarks exist for the finalised NIST standards on the most constrained 32-bit processor class. This paper…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Rojin Chhetri

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) aims to develop cryptographic algorithms that are secure against attacks from quantum computers. This paper compares the leading postquantum cryptographic algorithms, such as Kyber, sntrup761, and FrodoKEM,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Samet Ünsal

We demonstrate a post-quantum key-exchange with the nanosatellite SpooQy-1 in low Earth orbit using Kyber-512, a lattice-based key-encapsulation mechanism and a round three finalist in the NIST PQC standardization process. Our firmware…

This paper makes a case for accelerating lattice-based post quantum cryptography (PQC) with memristor based crossbars, and shows that these inherently error-tolerant algorithms are a good fit for noisy analog MAC operations in crossbars. We…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-02 Sarabjeet Singh , Xiong Fan , Ananth Krishna Prasad , Lin Jia , Anirban Nag , Rajeev Balasubramonian , Mahdi Nazm Bojnordi , Elaine Shi

Specialized hardware like application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) remains the primary accelerator type for cryptographic kernels based on large integer arithmetic. Prior work has shown that commodity and server-class GPUs can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Naifeng Zhang , Sophia Fu , Franz Franchetti

National Institute of Standard & Technology (NIST) is currently running a multi-year-long standardization procedure to select quantum-safe or post-quantum cryptographic schemes to be used in the future. Saber is the only LWR based algorithm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Archisman Ghosh , J. M. B. Mera , Angshuman Karmakar , Debayan Das , Santosh Ghosh , Ingrid Verbauwhede , Shreyas Sen

The transition to post-quantum cryptography in blockchain systems such as Bitcoin and Ethereum is often framed as a purely cryptographic problem. In practice, it also presents significant economic and infrastructural challenges: in globally…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Keir Finlow-Bates , Markus Jakobsson , Hossein Siadati

As post-quantum cryptography (PQC) becomes increasingly critical for securing future communication systems, the performance overhead introduced by quantum-resistant algorithms presents a major computing challenge. HQC (Hamming Quasi-Cyclic)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Ben Dong , Hui Feng , Qian Wang

Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is becoming essential for securing Internet of Things (IoT) and Industrial IoT (IIoT) systems against quantum-enabled adversaries. However, existing evaluation approaches primarily focus on isolated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jonatan Rassekhnia

CRYSTALS-Dilithium is a lattice-based signature scheme to be standardized by NIST as the primary post-quantum signature algorithm. In this work, we make a thorough study of optimizing the implementations of Dilithium by utilizing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Jieyu Zheng , Haoliang Zhu , Zhenyu Song , Zheng Wang , Yunlei Zhao

Due to the current standard of Security Credential Management System (SCMS) for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications using asymmetric cryptography, specifically Elliptic-Curve Cryptography (ECC), which may be vulnerable to quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Abel C. H. Chen , Bon-Yeh Lin

We present qHiPSTER, the Quantum High Performance Software Testing Environment. qHiPSTER is a distributed high-performance implementation of a quantum simulator on a classical computer, that can simulate general single-qubit gates and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-16 Mikhail Smelyanskiy , Nicolas P. D. Sawaya , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

The transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC) presents significant challenges for certificate-based identity management in industrial environments, where secure onboarding of devices relies on long-lived and interoperable credentials.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Nino Ricchizzi , Christian Schwinne , Jan Pelzl

The advent of large-scale quantum computers poses a significant threat to contemporary network security protocols, including Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)-Enterprise authentication. To mitigate this threat, the adoption of Post-Quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Lukas Köder , Nils Lohmiller , Phil Schmieder , Bastian Buck , Michael Menth , Tobias Heer

5G enables digital innovation by integrating diverse services, making security especially primary authentication crucial. Two standardized protocols, 5G AKA and EAP AKA', handle authentication for 3GPP and non 3GPP devices. However, 5G AKA…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yongho Ko , I Wayan Adi Juliawan Pawana , Ilsun You

The problem of adopting quantum-resistant cryptographic network protocols or post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is critically important to democratizing quantum computing. The problem is urgent because practical quantum computers will break…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Jakub Sowa , Bach Hoang , Advaith Yeluru , Steven Qie , Anita Nikolich , Ravishankar Iyer , Phuong Cao

The impending arrival of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) threatens the security foundations of modern software: Shor's algorithm breaks RSA, ECDSA, ECDH, and Diffie-Hellman, while Grover's algorithm reduces the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Animesh Shaw

The evolution of quantum computers poses a serious threat to contemporary public-key encryption (PKE) schemes. To address this impending issue, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is currently undertaking the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Mohammad Reza Nosouhi , Syed W. Shah , Lei Pan , Yevhen Zolotavkin , Ashish Nanda , Praveen Gauravaram , Robin Doss

The quantum threat to cybersecurity has accelerated the standardization of Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Migrating legacy software to these quantum-safe algorithms is not a simple library swap, but a new software engineering challenge:…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Lei Zhang

The development and implementation of post-quantum cryptosystems have become a pressing issue in the design of secure computing systems, as general quantum computers have become more feasible in the last two years. In this work, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Lake Bu , Rashmi Agrawal , Hai Cheng , Michel A. Kinsy