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Bitcoin is the first fully-decentralized permissionless blockchain protocol to achieve a high level of security, but at the expense of poor throughput and latency. Scaling the performance of Bitcoin has a been a major recent direction of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Lei Yang , Xuechao Wang , Vivek Bagaria , Gerui Wang , Mohammad Alizadeh , David Tse , Giulia Fanti , Pramod Viswanath

Although Blockchain has been successfully used in many different fields and applications, it has been traditionally regarded as an energy-intensive technology, essentially due to the past use of inefficient consensus algorithms that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés , Paula Fraga-Lamas

Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that ensures transparency, security, and immutability through cryptographic techniques. However, advancements in quantum computing threaten the security of classical cryptographic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos

Blockchains have block-size limits to ensure the entire cluster can keep up with the tip of the chain. These block-size limits are usually single-dimensional, but richer multidimensional constraints allow for greater throughput. The…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Nir Lavee , Noam Nisan , Mallesh Pai , Max Resnick

Selfish mining is a well known vulnerability in blockchains exploited by miners to steal block rewards. In this paper, we explore a new form of selfish mining attack that guarantees high rewards with low cost. We show the feasibility of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Muhammad Saad , Laurent Njilla , Charles Kamhoua , Aziz Mohaisen

Proof-of-work (PoW) cryptocurrency blockchains like Bitcoin secure vast amounts of money. Their operators, called miners, expend resources to generate blocks and receive monetary rewards for their effort. Blockchains are, in principle,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Michael Mirkin , Yan Ji , Jonathan Pang , Ariah Klages-Mundt , Ittay Eyal , Ari Juels

While state-of-the-art permissioned blockchains can achieve thousands of transactions per second on commodity hardware with x86/64 architecture, their performance when running on different architectures is not clear. The goal of this work…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Dumitrel Loghin , Tien Tuan Anh Dinh , Aung Maw , Chen Gang , Yong Meng Teo , Beng Chin Ooi

Many blockchain consensus protocols have been proposed recently to scale the throughput of a blockchain with available bandwidth. However, these protocols are becoming increasingly complex, making it more and more difficult to produce…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Haifeng Yu , Ivica Nikolic , Ruomu Hou , Prateek Saxena

In the last few years, a countless number of permissioned blockchain solutions have been proposed, with each one to claim that it revolutionizes the way of the transaction processing along with the security and privacy preserving mechanisms…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Sotirios Brotsis , Nicholas Kolokotronis , Konstantinos Limniotis , Gueltoum Bendiab , Stavros Shiaeles

To address the large amount of energy wasted by blockchains, we propose a decentralized consensus protocol for blockchains in which the computation can be used to search for good approximate solutions to any optimization problem. Our…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Naoki Shibata

Increasing the transactional throughput of decentralized blockchains in a secure manner has been the holy grail of blockchain research for most of the past decade. This paper introduces a scheme for scaling blockchains while retaining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-27 John Adler , Mikerah Quintyne-Collins

Fail-prone systems, and their quorum systems, are useful tools for the design of distributed algorithms. However, fail-prone systems as studied so far require every process to know the full system membership in order to guarantee safety…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Christian Cachin , Giuliano Losa , Luca Zanolini

Strategies related to the blockchain concept of Extractable Value (MEV/BEV), such as arbitrage, front-, or back-running create strong economic incentives for network nodes to reduce latency. Modified nodes, that minimize transaction…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Taro Tsuchiya , Liyi Zhou , Kaihua Qin , Arthur Gervais , Nicolas Christin

In the context of decentralized blockchains, accurately simulating the outcome of order flow auctions (OFAs) off-chain is challenging due to adversarial sequencing, encrypted bids, and frequent state changes. Existing approaches, such as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alex Watts , Davide Sinesi , Jacob Greene

Remote Procedure Call (RPC) services have become a primary gateway for users to access public blockchains. While they offer significant convenience, RPC services also introduce critical privacy challenges that remain insufficiently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Shan Wang , Ming Yang , Yu Liu , Yue Zhang , Shuaiqing Zhang , Zhen Ling , Jiannong Cao , Xinwen Fu

Blockchain has recently been depicted as a secure protocol for information exchange in cyber-physical microgrids. However, it is still found vulnerable to consensus manipulation attacks. These stealth attacks are often difficult to detect…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Suman Rath , Lam Duc Nguyen , Subham Sahoo , Petar Popovski

As an emerging technology, blockchain has achieved great success in numerous application scenarios, from intelligent healthcare to smart cities. However, a long-standing bottleneck hindering its further development is the massive resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Yinqiu Liu , Kai Qian , Jianli Chen , Kun Wang , Lei He

Blockchain offers an innovative approach to storing information, executing transactions, performing functions, and establishing trust in an open environment. Many consider blockchain as a technology breakthrough for cryptography and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Rui Zhang , Rui Xue , Ling Liu

Blockchain networks are facing increasingly heterogeneous computational demands, and in response, protocol designers have started building specialized infrastructure to supply that demand. This paper introduces Resonance: a new kind of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Maryam Bahrani , Naveen Durvasula

Bitcoin is the most successful cryptocurrency so far. This is mainly due to its novel consensus algorithm, which is based on proof-of-work combined with a cryptographically-protected data structure and a rewarding scheme that incentivizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-24 Pawel Szalachowski , Daniel Reijsbergen , Ivan Homoliak , Siwei Sun